Preschooler growth and development

Question 1

What is magical thinking

Answer 1

believe their thoughts are all powerful, if they think about their friend falling and they fall they might think that they caused it

Question 2

how does a preschooler’s height increase

Answer 2

two to three inches a year in height, taller and thinner, gain muscle, abdomen flattens

Question 3

when should speech evaluation be done

Answer 3

three years old

Question 4

when is a preschoolers head at adult size

Answer 4

six years old

Question 5

what are signs of development delay seen at four years old

Answer 5

cannot jump in place, ride a tricycle, does not grasp a crayon with thumb and fingers, cannot use the words me and you appropriately, doesn’t engage in family play

Question 6

what is freuds stage for preschoolers

Answer 6

phallic desire centers upon their genitals

Question 7

what are some changes seen in the muscoskeletal system for preschoolers

Answer 7

increase bone length and muscle strength leads to better coordination

Question 8

what is the communication ability of a four year old

Answer 8

speaks in complete sentences with adult like grammar, falls A3 part command, names common objects and familiar animals, vocabulary of 1500 words

Question 9

how does a preschoolers weight increase

Answer 9

still steady but slows down still should follow growth curve, increases on average £5 a year

Question 10

what are some neurological changes in preschoolers

Answer 10

spinal cord fully myelinated by age of three will allow bowel and bladder control

Question 11

what is Kohlberg stage for a preschooler

Answer 11

punishment and obedience orientation

Question 12

what is transduction

Answer 12

extrapolate from one situation to another so if this happens in this situation it could happen in another

Question 13

what immunizations should a preschooler get

Answer 13

dtap 5th dose, polio (IPV) 4th dose, MMR second dose, flu annual

Question 14

how can you promote growth and development in a preschooler

Answer 14

fantasy play, curiosity, real life play like house, imaginary friends, play all day, encourage physical activity and quiet play and creativity

Question 15

what are some genitourinary changes seen in a preschooler

Answer 15

urethra is still short which means an increased risk for utis

Question 16

what are some signs of developmental delay in a 5 year old

Answer 16

has little interest in playing with other children, cannot build tower of 6 to 8 blocks, cannot use plurals or past tense, is easily distracted, cannot concentrate on a single activity for 5 minutes

Question 17

how does having an imaginary friend help with development

Answer 17

creates a way to practice behaviors or conversations

Question 18

how should you encourage self feeding

Answer 18

they will eat when they are hungry give six small meals a day, focused on healthy fats, low sugar, high fiber

Question 19

what is animism

Answer 19

lifelike quality to inanimate objects

Question 20

what are some gross motor skills for a 3 year old

Answer 20

climbs well, pedals tricycle, runs easily, walks up and down stairs with alternate feet, bends over easily without falling

Question 21

what is eriksons initiative versus guilt

Answer 21

preschoolers begin to take initiative and learning, actively seeking out experiences, exploring, asking a lot of why questions, when restricted they tend to find guilt, hesitate to try challenging developmental tasks

Question 22

what is the daily recommendation for calcium and where can you find calcium

Answer 22

700 to 1000 milligrams whole milk, low-fat yogurt, cheddar cheese, dried white beans, tofu, broccolli

Question 23

what are some gross motor skills seen in a four year old

Answer 23

throws ball overhand, kicks ball forward, catches bounced ball, hops on one foot up to five seconds, alternates feet going up and down stairs, moves forward and backwards with agility

Question 24

what are some cardiovascular changes seen in a preschooler

Answer 24

heart rate decreases, blood pressure increases, may have innocent heart murmur they will grow out of it and it is non pathologic

Question 25

what are some bedtime routines for a preschooler

Answer 25

establish a bed and wake up time avoid sugar and caffeine before bed no roughhousing before bed and no TV in bed

Question 26

what is a nightmare

Answer 26

scare your bad dream followed by awakening child awakens parent after episode, happens second-half of the night, child may cry or be scared when they are awake and scared to go back to sleep because they usually remember and discuss the nightmare

Question 27

what is the communication ability of a 5 year old

Answer 27

can explain how to use something, talks about past future and imaginary events, answers questions that use why and when, vocabulary of 2100 words

Question 28

what are some anticipatory guidance for a preschooler

Answer 28

reading singing, building self esteem, maintaining routines and rituals in the hospital, setting limits and remaining consistent to preventing behavioral problems, early recognition of signs of developmental delays, play with other children, self-care activities like dressing and toileting

Question 29

what are some respiratory changes seen in a preschooler

Answer 29

increase number and size of alveoli, Airways increase in size

Question 30

what are some fine motor skills of a 3 year old

Answer 30

undresses self, copy circle, holds pencil and writing position, builds 9 cube tower, screws and unscrews lids, turns book pages one at a time

Question 31

what is piagets preoperational substages and intuitive

Answer 31

symbols through increased language learning, sees things from their own point of view separate from others, decrease egocentric, start to find groups, more curiosity and self esteem

Question 32

what are some fine motor skills of a four year old

Answer 32

use the scissors successfully, copies capital letters, draw circle and squares, traces across or diamond, draws a person with two to four body parts, lace shoes

Question 33

what is the daily recommendation for iron and where can you find it

Answer 33

7 to 10 milligrams fortified cereal, beef, dark meat, chicken, lentils, watermelon, spinach, tofu, raisins, enriched bread

Question 34

what are some changes seen in HEENT

Answer 34

still have short otitis media which causes increased risk for ear infections, 20 teeth

Question 35

what are some gross motor skills of a 5 year old

Answer 35

stands on one foot 10 seconds or longer, swings and climbs well, may skip, somersaults, may learn to skate and swim

Question 36

what is the night terror

Answer 36

partial arousal from deep sleep about an hour after falling asleep, the child sits up thrashes, cries, screams, talks, racing heart rate, sweating, parents awake but child is unaware of parents attempt to soothe, the child returns to bed without fully awakening and has no memory of the event

Question 37

what is the pain scale faces

Answer 37

for children three years or older self report of pain, nurse explains the words for each face on the scale the nurse asks the child to select the face that best describes their level of pain

Question 38

what are some considerations for hospitalization of a preschooler

Answer 38

explained that they didn't do anything to cause their hospitalization, provide education to parents, identifying nursing care, separation anxiety, pain be honest that a procedure will hurt, encourage them to express their feelings

Question 39

what are some fine motor skills of a 5 year old

Answer 39

print some letters, draws a person with at least six body parts, dresses and undresses without assistance, can learn to tie laces, uses fork, spoon and knife supervised, copies triangle and other geometric patterns, mostly cares for their own toileting needs