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Peds exam 1 > Infant growth and Development > Flashcards

Infant growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

How does an infant grow lengthwise

A

average 50 centimeters or 20 inches at birth increases 50% by 12 months

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2
Q

how how is the nasal passages different and an infant versus an adult

A

more narrow and prone to blockage, larnyx is funnel shaped, trachea and chest wall are more compliant, bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrow so more receptable to respiratory viruses, alveoli are fewer and higher respiratory rate

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3
Q

what is development

A

process of sequential skill attainment

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4
Q

what is an infant’s head circumference

A

average 35 centimeters or 13 inches at birth increases by 10 centimeters by 12 months

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5
Q

how should you communicate with an infant

A

respond to crying quickly, allow infant time to warm up, you soothing and calming tone, communicate with play with older infants, be aware of signs of overstimulation

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6
Q

what are some infant screening tools

A

ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ), infant toddler checklist (ITC), infant developmental inventory (IDI), parents evaluation of developmental status developmental milestones(PEDS-DM)

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7
Q

what are some gastrointestinal differences in an infant versus adult

A

large tongue for nipple latch, consistent and frequent stools, immature liver

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8
Q

When is the stepping reflex disappearance

A

4 weeks

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9
Q

when is tonic neck fencing reflex disappearance

A

three to four months

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10
Q

when is palmar grasp reflex disappearance

A

three to four months

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11
Q

when is the Morro reflex disappearance

A

six months

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12
Q

when is the plantar grasp reflex disappearance

A

8 months

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13
Q

when is the babinski reflex disappearance

A

one year

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14
Q

when is the sucking or rooting reflex disappearance

A

up to one year

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15
Q

what are some early warning signs for infants involving vision

A

eyes that cross most of the time by six months it is normal at first, doesn’t track or follow an item, doesn’t try and look to figure things out

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16
Q

what are some considerations needed for breastfeeding

A

may need fortifier for additional calories, need additional vitamin D in iron

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17
Q

what is growth

A

increase in physical size

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18
Q

when should hep B vaccination be given

A

first dose at birth, second dose between one and two months, third dose at 6 to 15 months

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19
Q

when are infant well visits

A

two weeks, two months, four months, six months, and 12 months

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20
Q

how does an infant weight increase

A

average 7.5 pounds at birth double s by six months triples by 12 months

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21
Q

what is erkisons stage for an infant

A

trust versus mistrust

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22
Q

what are some nutritional influences

A

cultural expectations, what is best for the infant, health benefits, economic advantage

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23
Q

what is maturation

A

increase function

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24
Q

what are some cardiovascular differences between an infant and adult

A

in the first year doubles in size, increased BP, peripheral capillaries more effective for thermal regulation

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25
Q

when does neck righting reflex develop

A

four to six months

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26
Q

when does the parachute (sideways) reflex develop

A

six months

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27
Q

when does the parachute (forward) reflex develop

A

six to seven months

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28
Q

when should HIB be given

A

first dose at two months, second dose at four months

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29
Q

what factors influence pain

A

age, gender, cognitive level, temperament, previous experiences with pain, family and culture

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30
Q

what are some early warning signs for infant hearing

A

doesn’t respond to sound, no Babble by four months, doesn’t turn to sound by four months

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31
Q

when should dtap be given

A

first dose at two months, second dose at four months, third dose at six months

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32
Q

what are some non pharmacological methods for infant pain relief

A

non nurrtive sucking with sucrose, holding, rocking, heat, cold, massage, pressure

33
Q

what are some protective reflexes

A

blinking, cough, gag, sneeze, yawn

34
Q

what are some genitourinary differences in infants vs adults

A

all renal function, decreased ability to concentrate urine, lower specific gravity

35
Q

what are some infants behavioral signs of pain

A

facial expressions, chin quivering, body movements, crying, irritability, restlessness, poor feeding, gaze aversion

36
Q

how does an infant learn

A

infant learns gross and fine motor skills through play like exploring environment, practice skills and solve problems, they watch and mimic facial expressions, reading and singing to the infant is vital in learning they do not play with other infants

37
Q

can you give acetaminophen to infants

A

don’t give before two months for risk of overdose

38
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at one month

A

lifts turns head when prone

39
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at two months

A

raise his head and chest improving head control

40
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at three months

A

raise his head 45 degrees in prone

41
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at four months

A

lifts head and looks around, rolls prone to supine

42
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at five months

A

roll supine to prone and back, sits upright with support

43
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at six months

A

tripod sitting

44
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at seven months

A

sits alone with some use of hands

45
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at 8 months

A

sits unsupported

46
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at nine months

A

crawls, abdomen off the floor

47
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at 10 months

A

pulls to stand, cruises

48
Q

what gross motor skills are noticed at 12 month

A

sits from standing position, walks independently

49
Q

how are fine motor skills developed

A

proximodistal center to outward

50
Q

what are some early warning signs for infants involving language development

A

doesn’t make noise by four months, Babble by eight months laugh or squeal by six months, single words like Mama and Dada by 12 months

51
Q

what are some sleeping habits for infants

A

sleeps on their back, newborn sleep up to 20 hours a day waking only to eat

52
Q

can you give ibuprofen to infants

A

don’t give under six months

53
Q

what are some fine motor skills noticed at one month

A

fists mostly clenched, involuntary hand movements

54
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at three months

A

holds hand in front of face, hands open

55
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at four months

A

bats at objects

56
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at five months

A

grasp rattle

57
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at six months

A

releases object in hand to take another

58
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at seven months

A

transfers objects from one hand to the other

59
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at 8 months

A

gross pincher grasp

60
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at 9 months

A

bangs objects together

61
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at 10 months

A

find pincer grasp, puts objects in a container and takes them out

62
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at 11 months

A

offers objects to others and releases them

63
Q

what fine motor skills are noticed at 12 months

A

feed self with cup and spoon, makes simple mark on paper, pokes with index finger

64
Q

how are gross motor skills developed

A

cephalocaudal from head to toe, they gained head control first and later learned to walk

65
Q

what is temperament

A

ranges between laid back or mild to more intense and less adaptable

66
Q

what are some formula feeding considerations

A

contains adequate vitamins and minerals, prepare according to directions (don’t dilute), sterilize bottles between feedings and microwave, dishwasher or scalding hot water

67
Q

can you give aspirin to infants

A

contraindicated in children for risk of reye syndrome

68
Q

when is stranger anxiety developed

A

around 8 months when they recognize themselves as separate individuals

69
Q

when does bonding occur

A

within a few hours after birth with parent and infant

70
Q

what are some situational factors that influence infants pain

A

lack of understanding, lack of coping mechanism, lack of control, lack of understanding, overly protective family behavior, increased anxiety exhibited by family, fear, anxiety, frustration, distress

71
Q

what are some infant pain scales

A

neonatal pain scale (nips), CRIES scale four neonatal postoperative pain assessment, FIACC for over 12 months

72
Q

what are infant physiological indicators of pain

A

increased heart rate respirations and blood pressure, decreased O2, vagal tone, palmar sweating

73
Q

what sleeping habits are noticed at four months

A

establish bedtime routine to facilitate relaxation and predictable sleep time

74
Q

what changes occur in the infant involving hematopoietic and immunological systems

A

Increased hemoglobin at birth, maternal IgG stores transmitted to baby and protect infant for first three to six months, infant IgM reaches adult level by nine months, IgG reaches adult level by 12 months

75
Q

What sleeping habits are noticed at three months

A

sleep 7 to 8 hours per night, two to three naps a day

76
Q

what are some healthy eating habits for infants

A

premature infants may need a schedule, add solids when infant pushes the nipple out, introduce cups at six months, model healthy eating habits

77
Q

what is EMALA cream

A

local anesthetic, penetrates 2 to 4MM in 60 to 90 minutes or two to three hours for deeper, use with caution and infants less than three months

78
Q

what are some nutritional concerns for infants

A

colic can cause lots of stomach pain and not sleeping, spitting up or reflex not getting all the nutrients, breaking them from security items like thumb sucking and pacifiers

79
Q

what sleeping habits are noticed at 12 months

A

sleeps 8 to 12 hours a night and two naps a day

Peds exam 1 (12 decks)

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