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Peds exam 1 > Infant growth and Development > Flashcards

Infant growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

How does an infant grow lengthwise

A

average 50 centimeters or 20 inches at birth increases 50% by 12 months

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2
Q

how how is the nasal passages different and an infant versus an adult

A

more narrow and prone to blockage, larnyx is funnel shaped, trachea and chest wall are more compliant, bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrow so more receptable to respiratory viruses, alveoli are fewer and higher respiratory rate

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3
Q

what is development

A

process of sequential skill attainment

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4
Q

what is an infant’s head circumference

A

average 35 centimeters or 13 inches at birth increases by 10 centimeters by 12 months

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5
Q

how should you communicate with an infant

A

respond to crying quickly, allow infant time to warm up, you soothing and calming tone, communicate with play with older infants, be aware of signs of overstimulation

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6
Q

what are some infant screening tools

A

ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ), infant toddler checklist (ITC), infant developmental inventory (IDI), parents evaluation of developmental status developmental milestones(PEDS-DM)

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7
Q

what are some gastrointestinal differences in an infant versus adult

A

large tongue for nipple latch, consistent and frequent stools, immature liver

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8
Q

When is the stepping reflex disappearance

A

4 weeks

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9
Q

when is tonic neck fencing reflex disappearance

A

three to four months

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10
Q

when is palmar grasp reflex disappearance

A

three to four months

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11
Q

when is the Morro reflex disappearance

A

six months

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12
Q

when is the plantar grasp reflex disappearance

A

8 months

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13
Q

when is the babinski reflex disappearance

A

one year

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14
Q

when is the sucking or rooting reflex disappearance

A

up to one year

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15
Q

what are some early warning signs for infants involving vision

A

eyes that cross most of the time by six months it is normal at first, doesn’t track or follow an item, doesn’t try and look to figure things out

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16
Q

what are some considerations needed for breastfeeding

A

may need fortifier for additional calories, need additional vitamin D in iron

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17
Q

what is growth

A

increase in physical size

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18
Q

when should hep B vaccination be given

A

first dose at birth, second dose between one and two months, third dose at 6 to 15 months

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19
Q

when are infant well visits

A

two weeks, two months, four months, six months, and 12 months

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20
Q

how does an infant weight increase

A

average 7.5 pounds at birth double s by six months triples by 12 months

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21
Q

what is erkisons stage for an infant

A

trust versus mistrust

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22
Q

what are some nutritional influences

A

cultural expectations, what is best for the infant, health benefits, economic advantage

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23
Q

what is maturation

A

increase function

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24
Q

what are some cardiovascular differences between an infant and adult

A

in the first year doubles in size, increased BP, peripheral capillaries more effective for thermal regulation

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25
when does neck righting reflex develop
four to six months
26
when does the parachute (sideways) reflex develop
six months
27
when does the parachute (forward) reflex develop
six to seven months
28
when should HIB be given
first dose at two months, second dose at four months
29
what factors influence pain
age, gender, cognitive level, temperament, previous experiences with pain, family and culture
30
what are some early warning signs for infant hearing
doesn't respond to sound, no Babble by four months, doesn't turn to sound by four months
31
when should dtap be given
first dose at two months, second dose at four months, third dose at six months
32
what are some non pharmacological methods for infant pain relief
non nurrtive sucking with sucrose, holding, rocking, heat, cold, massage, pressure
33
what are some protective reflexes
blinking, cough, gag, sneeze, yawn
34
what are some genitourinary differences in infants vs adults
all renal function, decreased ability to concentrate urine, lower specific gravity
35
what are some infants behavioral signs of pain
facial expressions, chin quivering, body movements, crying, irritability, restlessness, poor feeding, gaze aversion
36
how does an infant learn
infant learns gross and fine motor skills through play like exploring environment, practice skills and solve problems, they watch and mimic facial expressions, reading and singing to the infant is vital in learning they do not play with other infants
37
can you give acetaminophen to infants
don't give before two months for risk of overdose
38
what gross motor skills are noticed at one month
lifts turns head when prone
39
what gross motor skills are noticed at two months
raise his head and chest improving head control
40
what gross motor skills are noticed at three months
raise his head 45 degrees in prone
41
what gross motor skills are noticed at four months
lifts head and looks around, rolls prone to supine
42
what gross motor skills are noticed at five months
roll supine to prone and back, sits upright with support
43
what gross motor skills are noticed at six months
tripod sitting
44
what gross motor skills are noticed at seven months
sits alone with some use of hands
45
what gross motor skills are noticed at 8 months
sits unsupported
46
what gross motor skills are noticed at nine months
crawls, abdomen off the floor
47
what gross motor skills are noticed at 10 months
pulls to stand, cruises
48
what gross motor skills are noticed at 12 month
sits from standing position, walks independently
49
how are fine motor skills developed
proximodistal center to outward
50
what are some early warning signs for infants involving language development
doesn't make noise by four months, Babble by eight months laugh or squeal by six months, single words like Mama and Dada by 12 months
51
what are some sleeping habits for infants
sleeps on their back, newborn sleep up to 20 hours a day waking only to eat
52
can you give ibuprofen to infants
don't give under six months
53
what are some fine motor skills noticed at one month
fists mostly clenched, involuntary hand movements
54
what fine motor skills are noticed at three months
holds hand in front of face, hands open
55
what fine motor skills are noticed at four months
bats at objects
56
what fine motor skills are noticed at five months
grasp rattle
57
what fine motor skills are noticed at six months
releases object in hand to take another
58
what fine motor skills are noticed at seven months
transfers objects from one hand to the other
59
what fine motor skills are noticed at 8 months
gross pincher grasp
60
what fine motor skills are noticed at 9 months
bangs objects together
61
what fine motor skills are noticed at 10 months
find pincer grasp, puts objects in a container and takes them out
62
what fine motor skills are noticed at 11 months
offers objects to others and releases them
63
what fine motor skills are noticed at 12 months
feed self with cup and spoon, makes simple mark on paper, pokes with index finger
64
how are gross motor skills developed
cephalocaudal from head to toe, they gained head control first and later learned to walk
65
what is temperament
ranges between laid back or mild to more intense and less adaptable
66
what are some formula feeding considerations
contains adequate vitamins and minerals, prepare according to directions (don’t dilute), sterilize bottles between feedings and microwave, dishwasher or scalding hot water
67
can you give aspirin to infants
contraindicated in children for risk of reye syndrome
68
when is stranger anxiety developed
around 8 months when they recognize themselves as separate individuals
69
when does bonding occur
within a few hours after birth with parent and infant
70
what are some situational factors that influence infants pain
lack of understanding, lack of coping mechanism, lack of control, lack of understanding, overly protective family behavior, increased anxiety exhibited by family, fear, anxiety, frustration, distress
71
what are some infant pain scales
neonatal pain scale (nips), CRIES scale four neonatal postoperative pain assessment, FIACC for over 12 months
72
what are infant physiological indicators of pain
increased heart rate respirations and blood pressure, decreased O2, vagal tone, palmar sweating
73
what sleeping habits are noticed at four months
establish bedtime routine to facilitate relaxation and predictable sleep time
74
what changes occur in the infant involving hematopoietic and immunological systems
Increased hemoglobin at birth, maternal IgG stores transmitted to baby and protect infant for first three to six months, infant IgM reaches adult level by nine months, IgG reaches adult level by 12 months
75
What sleeping habits are noticed at three months
sleep 7 to 8 hours per night, two to three naps a day
76
what are some healthy eating habits for infants
premature infants may need a schedule, add solids when infant pushes the nipple out, introduce cups at six months, model healthy eating habits
77
what is EMALA cream
local anesthetic, penetrates 2 to 4MM in 60 to 90 minutes or two to three hours for deeper, use with caution and infants less than three months
78
what are some nutritional concerns for infants
colic can cause lots of stomach pain and not sleeping, spitting up or reflex not getting all the nutrients, breaking them from security items like thumb sucking and pacifiers
79
what sleeping habits are noticed at 12 months
sleeps 8 to 12 hours a night and two naps a day

Peds exam 1 (12 decks)

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