Alteration in metabolic system Flashcards
what are considered the control centers
pituitary gland and hypothalamus
what are some meds for treating endocrine disorders
hypoglycemics (metformin, insulin), hormone therapy (growth hormone, levothyoxine), hormone suppression therapy), corticosteriods, desmopressin
what does growth hormone deficency cause
Hypopituitarism or dwarfism
Poor growth and short stature (one of the reasons growth is tracked)
what is the patho of growth hormone deficency
Failure of anterior pituitary or hypothalamic stimulation on the pituitary to produce enough GH
what could be some causes of growth hormone deficiency
Tumor, Infection, Infarction, Abnormal formation in utero, Part of a genetic syndrome, Idiopathic
what is the treatment goal for growth hormone deficiency
Promote growth of 3-5 inches in first year of treatment without complications
when does treatment stop for growth hormone deficiency
Treatment stops when epiphyseal growth plates fuse (shown on xray)
Referral to endocrinologist
Monitor height every 3-6 months
what is the medication use for growth hormone deficiency
somatropin (like an epi pen)
what are some complications from growth hormone deficiency
altered carbs/protein/fat metabolism, glucose intolerance, luekemia, CNS tumors, edema,
what is precocious puberty
Development sexual characteristics before usual age of onset of puberty, resulting in an overall short stature due to early closure of the epiphyseal plates.
who does precocious puberty more commonly affect
females before the age of 8, can affect males too before the age of 9 (caused by CNS abnormlaities female cause unknown)
how is precocious puberty diagnosed
GnRH stimulation
what are some diagnostic testing that can be done for precocious puberty
radiography and pevlic ultrasound to look at bone age, increased uterus size,
CT, mrI to ID CNS lesions or cyst in the abdomen, pelvic area
what is the treatment for precocious puberty
GnRH analog (intranasal, SQ)
Medroxyprogesterone - Depo-Provera (injection) or Cycrin (tablets)
what is delayed puberty
Condition of delayed secondary sexual development
how is delayed puberty shown in boys and girls
Breasts have not developed & pubic hair has not appeared by age 14
Menarche has not occurred by age 17
No testicular enlargement, scrotal changes, or pubic hair by age 15
what is the cause of delayed puberty
hereditary
what is type 1 diabetes
Type 1: Caused by a deficiency of insulin secretion due to pancreatice B-cell damage
what is type 2 diabetes
Consequence of insulin resistance that occurs at the level of skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue with different degrees of B-cell impairment
what labs show type 2 diabetes
8-hr fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dL
Random blood glucose > 200 mg/dL with S/S
HbA1c > 4-5.9% (expected)
Children acceptable range is 6.5 – 8 (with target goal of less than 7)
what are the ss of type 2 diabetes
Polyuria/polydipsia, fatigue, blurry vision,
what is the treatment for type 2 diabetes
: oral antidiabetic agents or insulin (if not controlled with nutrition and exercise/wt loss
what are some ss of diabetic ketoacidosis
Anorexia, nausea and vomiting
Lethargy, stupor, altered level of consciousness, confusion
Decreased skin turgor
Abdominal pain
Kussmaul respirations and air hunger
Fruity (sweet-smelling) or acetone breath odor
Presence of ketones in urine and blood
Tachycardia, and if left untreated, coma and death
