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Peds exam 1 > Alteration in GU disorders > Flashcards

Alteration in GU disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the glomerular filtration rate of an infant compared to an adult

A

slower in an infant which increases the risk for dehydration

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2
Q

what is the infants bladder capacity

A

30 ml

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3
Q

when is an infant bladder adult size

A

by 1 year

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4
Q

how do you apply a urine bag on a male

A

cleanse the area, apply benzoin for adhesion, ensure the penis is fully in the bag, tuck it in the diaper, and check it frequently

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5
Q

how do you apply a urine bag on a female

A

cleanse the area, apply benzoin for adhesion, apply the narrow portion of the bag to the perineal space, tuck it in the diaper, and check it frequently

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6
Q

what are some meds used for GU disorders

A

antibiotcs, anticholinergics, desmopressin, diuretics, corticosteriods, ACE inhibitors, imipramine, immunosuppresants, albumin

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7
Q

what is obstructive uropathy

A

Any obstruction along the ureter between the kidney, pelvis, and bladder

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8
Q

where is the Ureteropelvic junction

A

pelvis to ureter

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9
Q

where is the Ureterovesical junction

A

lower ureter to bladder

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10
Q

where is the Ureterocele

A

ureter swells into bladder

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11
Q

where is the Posterior urethral valves

A

flaps of tissue in proximal urethra, males only

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12
Q

what is vesicoureteral reflux

A

urine flow backward up the ureter

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13
Q

is urine sterile

A

urinary tract is sterile from the kidneys to urtheral meatus once the urine hits air it is no longer sterile

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14
Q

what are some defenses against urinary tract infections

A

Complete emptying of the bladder during urination, Urine acidity, Vesicoureteral Valve (prevents backflow of urine into kidneys), Various Immunologic and Mucosal Barriers

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15
Q

what is the most common UTI

A

cystitis - infection in the bladder

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16
Q

who is more common for UTIs and what

A

Females have a shorter urethra; close proximity to the vagina & anus

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17
Q

what protects a male from UTIs

A

Antibacterial properties of prostate secretions somewhat protect adolescent males

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18
Q

what are symptoms that an infant has a UTI

A

fever, irritability, vomiting, failure to thrive, or jaundice

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19
Q

what are some symptoms that a child has a UTI

A

fever, vomiting, dysuria, frequency, hesitancy, urgency, pain

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20
Q

what are the causative organisms for UTIs

A

Escherichia coli
Less common:
Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus

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21
Q

what is primary enuresis

A

never achieved voluntary bladder control

22
Q

what is secondary enuresis

A

previously demonstrated bladder control over a period of 3-6 months

23
Q

what is dinurnal enuresis

A

daytime loss of bladder control

24
Q

what is noctural enuresis

A

nighttime bedwetting

25
Q

what is nephrotic syndrome

A

Increased glomerular basement membrane permeability > increased loss of protein in the urine.

26
Q

what is the cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

unknown mostly, congential (finnish males), diabetes, lupus,

27
Q

what are some lab changes for nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria, hypoalubminemia (causes third spacing), hyperlipdemia, all increases risk for infection, and clotting from low fluid

28
Q

how is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed

A

Insidious onset (don’t see it coming), Marked proteinuria, Elevated ESR, MRI or Renal Biopsy

29
Q

how is nephrotic syndrome treated

A

Corticosteroids, Diuretics, immunosuppressant therapy

30
Q

what is renal failure

A

Condition in which the kidneys cannot concentrate urine, conserve electrolytes, or excrete waste products

31
Q

what is the treatment for end stage renal disease (chronic renal failure)

A

dailysis, kidney transplant

32
Q

what is the cause of vulvoginitis

A

bacterial or yeast overgrowth, chemical factors (soaps, purfume), poor hygiene, tight clothing, scratching

33
Q

what are the ss of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Fever, Abdominal pain, Pain with intercourse, Dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual cycles) , Abnormal uterine bleeding

34
Q

what are the long term complications of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, infertility related to scarring

35
Q

what are the benefits of circumcision

A

UTI, Sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, Penile cancer, Cervical cancer in female partners

36
Q

what are some complications of circumcision

A

Alterations in the urinary meatus, Unintentional removal of excessive amounts of foreskin, Damage to the glans penis

37
Q

what is epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis

38
Q

what is the cause of epididymitis

A

infection with bacteria

39
Q

what is the most common cause of pain in the scrotum

A

epididymitis

40
Q

when does epididymitis occur

A

rarely occurs before puberty

41
Q

what is the management of epididymitis

A

get rid of the bacteria

42
Q

if epididymitis is not treated what happens

A

scrotal abscess, testicular infarction, or infertility may occur

43
Q

what is testicular torsion

A

testicle is abnormally attached to the scrotum and twisted

44
Q

how is testicular torsion treated and what happens if nothing is done

A

mediate surgery because ischemia can result if the torsion is left untreated, leading to infertility

45
Q

when is it most common for testicular torsion to occur

A

most commonly occurs in boys aged 12 to 18 years

46
Q

what is hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Typically preceded by diarrheal illness including hemorrhagic colitis, Damage is due to microthrombotic events in kidneys

47
Q

what is wilms tumor

A

the most common renal tumor affecting 2-5 years old, affects only one kidney, grows fast and extremely vascular

48
Q

what are the ss of wilms tumor

A

Abdominal mass found by parents, Abdominal pain
History of constipation, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, difficulty breathing, Family history of Wilm’s Tumor

49
Q

how should you assess wilms tumor

A

look at abdome do NOT palpate, listen to lungs, check for HTN

50
Q

what is the treatment of wilms tumor

A

Surgical removal of tumor and affected kidney, Radiation or chemotherapy

Peds exam 1 (12 decks)

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