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BOC studying > Prentice Ch. 17 - Pharmacology, Drugs, and Sports > Flashcards

Prentice Ch. 17 - Pharmacology, Drugs, and Sports Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

the study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms

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2
Q

drug

A

a chemical agent used in the prevention treatment or diagnosis of disease

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3
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the method by which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated

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4
Q

pharmaacodynamics

A

the actions or the effects of a drug on the body

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5
Q

inhalation

A

bringing medication or substances to the respiratory tract

oxygen, water, vapor, or highly aromatic medication

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6
Q

indradermal or subcutaneous

A

into the skin, hypodermic needle

used when a rapid response is needed

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7
Q

Intramuscular

A

given directly into the muscle

gluteal area or deltoid muscle

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8
Q

Intranasal

A

introduction of a decongestant intranasal solution by using a dropper or an atomizer

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9
Q

intraspinal

A
  • introduction of drugs to combat specific organisms that have entered the spinal cord
  • injection of a substance; such as procaine, to anesthetize the lower limbs
  • withdrawal of spinal fluid for study
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10
Q

intravaginal

A

administration of drug/drug-containing device inside the vagina
absorbed through mucosa

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11
Q

intravenous

A
  • given when an immediate reaction to the medication is desired
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12
Q

oral

A
  • most common method

- tablets, capsules, powders, and liquids

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13
Q

rectal

A

limited

absorbed by mucosal lining

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14
Q

sublingual and buccal

A

placing easily dissolved agents such as troches (lozenges) or tablets under the tongue

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15
Q

injunctions (external)

A

oily or medicated substances that are rubbed into the skin and result in a local or systemic reaction (massage lubricants)

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16
Q

Ointments (external)

A

oil, petroleum jelly, or lanolin combined with drugs are applied for long-lasting topical medicaion

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17
Q

Pastes (external)

A

ointments with a nonfat base, spread either on loth or paper or directly on the skin.
usually contain an irritant, are applied as a counterirritant
- used for relieving pain, increasing circulation, and decreasing inflammation

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18
Q

Transdermal patches

A

absorbed gradually through the skin

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19
Q

solutions

A

administered externally and are extremely varied.

- antiseptics, disinfectants, vasoconstrictors, and liquid rubefacients (alcohol, turpentine)

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20
Q

drug vehicle

A

the substance in which a drug is transported

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21
Q

bioavailability

A

how completely a particular drug is absorbed by the system

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22
Q

volume of distribution

A

the volume of plasma in which a drug is dissolved

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23
Q

efficacy

A

a drug’s capability of producing a specific therapeutic effect

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24
Q

potentcy

A

the dose of drug required to produce a desired therapeutic effect

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25
Q

biotransoframtion

A

transforming a drug so that it can be metabolized

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26
Q

metabolism

A

changing a drug into a water-soluble compound that can be excreted

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27
Q

excretion

A

controlled though the kidneys and then through saliva, sweat and feces

28
Q

drug half-life

A
  • the rate at which a drug disappears from the body though metabolism, excretion, or both
  • amount of time required for the palm drug level to be reduced by one-half
  • critical in determining how often and in what dosage a drug must be administered to achieve and maintain therapeutic levels of concentration
29
Q

steady state

A
  • when the amount of the drug taken is equal to the amount that is excreted
  • usually reached after five half-lives of the drug have occurred
30
Q

Dispensing prescription drugs

A

at no time can anyone other than a person licensed by law legally prescribe or dispense prescription drugs for a patient

31
Q

record keeping

A
  • name of patient
  • complaint or symptoms
  • current medications
  • any known allergies
  • name of medication given
  • lot number if available (identifies manufacturer, date and place of production)
  • experiation date
  • quantity of medication
  • method of administration
  • date and time
32
Q

analgesics

A

pain-relieving drugs

33
Q

anesthetics

A

agents that produce local or general numbness to touch, pain or stimulation

34
Q

antacids

A

substances that neutralize acidity; commonly used in the digestive tract

35
Q

antibiotics

A

drugs that kill bacteria or inhibit their growth

36
Q

antidotes

A

substance that prevent or counteract the action of poison

37
Q

antipruritics

A

agents that relieve itching

38
Q

antipyretics

A

drugs that reduce body temperature

39
Q

astringents

A

agents that cause contraction or puckering action

40
Q

carminatives

A

agents that relieve flatulence

41
Q

cathartics

A

agents used to evacuate substances from the bowels; active purgatives

42
Q

caustics

A

burning agents, capable of destroying living tissue

43
Q

disinfectants

A

agents that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms; only applied to nonliving materials

44
Q

emetics

A

agents that cause vomiting

45
Q

expectorants

A

agents that suppress coughing

46
Q

hemostatics

A

substances that either slow down or stop bleeding

47
Q

local antiseptics

A

local disinfectantssubstances that can be placed on living tissue for the express purpose of either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth

48
Q

local disinfectants

A

substances that combat microorganisms but should be applied only to nonliving objects

49
Q

Alcohol

A
  • ethyl alcohol (70 percent by weight)
  • isopropyl alcohol (70 percent)
  • equally effective
50
Q

phenol

A

disinfectant

51
Q

halogens

A

antiseptic and disinfectant qualities

- betadine is an excellent germicie

52
Q

oxidizing agents

A

hydrogen peroxide - antiseptic that because of his oxidation, affects bacteria but readily decomposes in the presence of organic substances, such as a blood and pus

53
Q

application of hydrogen peroxide

A

results in the formation of an active, effervescent gas that dislodges particles of wound material and debris and, by removing degenerated tissue, eliminates the would as likely environment for bacterial breeding.

54
Q

antifungal agents

A
  • terbinafine (lamisil)
55
Q

antibiotics types

A
  • penicillins and cephalosporins
  • bacitracin (polysporin)
  • tetracyclines
  • macroslides
  • quinolones
56
Q

drugs for asthma

A
  • albuterol
57
Q

two most common types of inhalers

A
  • metered does inhalers (MDIs)

- dry powder inhalers (DPIs)

58
Q

inhaler overdose

A

irregular heartbeat, tremor, seizure, headache, nausea, and vomiting

59
Q

pain relievers

A

drugs used to inhibit pain or inflammation include counteriritants and local anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, and nonnarcotic anlgesics and antipyretics

60
Q

Narcotic analgesics

A

derived directly from opium or are synthetic

  • codeine (less potent)
  • morphine (depresses pain sensations)
61
Q

cathartics (laxatives)

A

they can lead to an electrolyte imbalance

62
Q

beta blockers

A
  • used primarily for hypertension and heart disease

- slows heart rate and decreases the contractility of heart muscle, thus decreasing cardiac output

63
Q

diuretics

A

increase kidney excretion by decreasing the kidney’s resorption of sodium

64
Q

androstenedione

A

increases the testosterone in males and particularly in females primarily for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance

65
Q

Sanctions for positive NCAA drug tests

A

first time positive test, the NCAA will declare the athlete ineligible for all regular and postseason competitions for a minimum of 1 year. can be retested anytime within that year

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