PRELIMS: Reviewer

Question 1

These are spinal networks capable of generating bilateral rhythmic movements, such as swimming or walking, in the absence of descending and sensory inputs

Answer 1

Central Pattern Generators (CPG)

Question 2

PLASTIC RESPONSE INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY TO PROPRIOCEPTIVE STIMULUS

Answer 2

Up Regulation

Question 3

PLASTIC RESPONSE THAT INCREASES SENSITIVITY TO NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND HORMONES

Answer 3

Up Regulation

Question 4

This neuronal plasticity is described as: reactivation of latent neuronal connections in response to partial deafferentation of a target cell population

Answer 4

Unmasking

Question 5

This none associative learning is described as there is a reduction in the amplitude of synaptic potential

Question 6

This neuronal plasticity is described as: reinnervation of a vacated synapse by an intact collateral branch of the injured axon; seen to occur in CNS, but takes months to occur

Answer 6

Pruning

Question 6

PLASTIC RESPONSE SEEN IN CHRONIC EPILEPTIC PATIENTS

Answer 6

SYNAPTIC REORGANIZATION

Question 7

a process whereby neurons extend from their place of birth to connect to far reaching areas of the brain.

Answer 7

neural migration

Question 7

natural death of a neuron

Answer 7

APOPTOSIS

Question 8

Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to
A. Only adapt during childhood
B. Change and rewire itself
C. Stay rigid and unchanging

Answer 8

B. Change and rewire itself

Question 8

This subcomponent of the ITE model is stated as: “goal directed movements

Answer 8

ACTION

Question 8

This is the process that occurs in the CNS that increases the control of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 8

CORTICAL REORGANIZATION

Question 9

The brain’s ability to adapt to injury or damage by redistributing functions to undamaged areas is known as:

Answer 9

C. Functional reorganization

Question 9

“coordination of movement is the process of mastering the redundant degrees of freedom of the moving organism”

Answer 9

BERNSTEINS

Question 9

simpler reflexes combine to make up the behavior of an individual

Answer 9

REFLEX THOERY

Question 10

Normal motor development is the result of increasing corticalization or emergence of higher level reflexes to control over the lower level reflexes

Answer 10

HIERARCHICAL THEORY

Question 11

no need for higher center to issue instruction or give command because coordinated movement will be achieved no matter what

Answer 11

SYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY

Question 12

Higher level stores the rules for generating movements so that we can perform the tasks with a variety of effector systems

Answer 12

: GENERALIZED MOTOR PROGRAM THEORY

Question 13

This subcomponent of the ITE model is stated as: Mental functions underlying the establishment of a goal

Answer 13

COGNITIVE FACTORS

Question 13

What is the primary mechanism by which long-term potentiation (LTP) enhances synaptic strength
A. Decrease in neurotransmitter release
B. Increase in receptor density at the synapse
C. Increase in synaptic vesicle size

Answer 13

B. Increase in receptor density at the synapse

Question 14

reinnervation of a vacated synapse by an intact collateral branch of the injured axon; seen to occur in CNS, but takes months to occur

Answer 14

: pruningg

Question 15

reactivation of latent neuronal connections in response to partial deafferentation of a target cell population; PET (Positron emission tomography) reveals high metabolic activity in the visual cortex of blind persons

Answer 15

UNMASKING

Question 16

the response of a remote uninjured neuron, that reinnervates a foreign denervated target

Answer 16

neuronal ingrowth

Question 17

the response by the proximal portion of an injured axon to reinnervate its original synapse; done by PNS, not seen in CNS though

Answer 17

Axonal Regeneraltion

Question 18

after partial denervation, surviving afferent neurons enlarge their terminal fields by axonal sprouting to reinnervate the vacated target synapse; seen to occur in CNS

Answer 18

: COLLATERAL SPROUTING

Question 19

Task classification that gives complete control to the mover

Answer 19

continuous taskk

Question 19

Which type of plasticity is characterized by the brain’s ability to adapt to injury by reorganizing its structure and function?
A. Experience-dependent plasticity
B. Experience-independent plasticity
C. Experience-expectant plasticity

Answer 19

A. Experience-dependent plasticity

Question 19

Which term describes the strengthening of existing neural connections through repeated use or learning?
A. Neuronal stagnation
B. Synaptic pruning
C. Long-term potentiation

Answer 19

C. Long-term potentiation

Question 20

The term “Hebbian learning” is often associated with:
A. The brain’s inability to change
B. The strengthening of neural connections through repeated stimulation
C. The weakening of neural connections through disuse

Answer 20

B. The strengthening of neural connections through repeated stimulation