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TeraEx 2 > MIDTERM: Balance + PD + LSVT big > Flashcards

MIDTERM: Balance + PD + LSVT big Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the major contributors to falls in the elderly and neurologic patients.

A

Decreased quadriceps and hamstring strength, decreased ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion strength, decreased lower limb explosive power, increased asymmetry between limbs in power and strength.

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2
Q

the ability to keep the body’s center of gravity (COG) within the base of support (BOS) when maintaining a static position, performing voluntary movement, or reacting to external disturbances.

A

Balance

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor contributing to falls?

A) Medical conditions (stroke, Parkinson’s Disease)
B) Impaired vision & hearing
C) Environment with poor lighting
D) Age-related changes

A

C) Environment with poor lighting

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3
Q

What age-related changes contribute to increased fall risk?

A

Increased reaction time, decreased righting reflexes, decreased proprioception, decreased muscle mass (sarcopenia), and changes in vision like decreased accommodation and dark adaptation.

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4
Q

When designing balance programs, which of the following should be avoided to ensure effectiveness?

A) Insufficient duration
B) Progressive challenge
C) Tailoring exercises to the individual
D) Sufficient time on feet

A

A) Insufficient duration

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5
Q

T or F
Fallers have increased lower limb explosive power compared to non-fallers.

A

FALSE

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6
Q

What type of balance involves maintaining COG within BOS while standing or sitting?

A) Dynamic balance
B) Static balance
C) Functional balance
D) Reactive balance

A

B) Static balance

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7
Q

Fear and avoidance of activity is present in over __% of fallers and up to __% of non-fallers.

A

50%; 40%

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7
Q

T or F
Balance training is especially important for seniors as it helps maintain independent living status.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

T or F
Increased lateral sway in gait can lead to an increased risk of falls.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Balance exercises that involve slow, sustained movements in rotational/diagonal movements are known as ___.

A

3D movements

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10
Q

For elderly individuals, decreased __ and __ reflexes contribute to a higher risk of falling.

A

Righting; proprioception

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11
Q

Name two conditions for the Unipedal Stance Test.

A

Eyes Open (EO) and Eyes Closed (EC).

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11
Q

What is the Romberg Test used for?

A

Romberg Test is used as a preliminary measure of static balance.

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12
Q

Which test measures the ability to reach beyond arm’s length without losing balance?

A

Functional Reach Test (FRT).

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13
Q

What is the recommended balance test for stroke patients according to EBP?

A

BEStest.

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14
Q

What is the minimum recommendation for balance training frequency for older adults?

A) 1 day per week
B) 2 days per week
C) 3 days per week
D) 5 days per week

A

C) 3 days per week

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14
Q

T or F
The Tinetti POMA is suitable for assessing balance in athletic populations.

A

FALSE

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15
Q

Which type of training is most effective for reducing the risk of falls?

A) Endurance training
B) Balance, resistance, and flexibility training
C) Cardio training
D) Strength training

A

B) Balance, resistance, and flexibility training

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15
Q

The Dynamic Gait Index assesses:

A) Static balance only
B) Gait adaptations during movement-related tasks
C) Muscle strength
D) Cardiovascular endurance

A

The Dynamic Gait Index assesses:

A) Static balance only
B) Gait adaptations during movement-related tasks
C) Muscle strength
D) Cardiovascular endurance

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16
Q

T or F
The Romberg Test is a comprehensive assessment for both static and dynamic balance.

A

FALSE

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16
Q

According to the ACSM, balance, agility, and __ training are effective for preventing falls.

A

Proprioceptive

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17
Q

The __ test provides valid information about postural control and can predict fall risk in older clients.

A

Force platform balance

18
Q

For Parkinson’s Disease and stroke patients, balance training should be part of both __ and __ care.

A

Home Exercise Program (HEP); active

19
Q

A 70-year-old patient has decreased proprioception and righting reflexes, which balance assessment would be most suitable for evaluating their static balance?

A

Romberg Test or Unipedal Stance Test.

20
Q

An athlete is recovering from an ankle sprain and needs a balance test that provides a significant challenge. Which test should be used?

A

Star Excursion Balance Test.

20
Q

ame three key lower extremity muscle groups to target for improving balance in balance-impaired older adults.

A

Quadriceps (especially hips), dorsiflexors, gluteus maximus (+hip adductors), and gluteus medius.

21
Q

What exercise is considered more effective than regular walking for reducing fall risk factors in older adults?

A

Four Square-stepping exercise (FSST).

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT recommended as a sole intervention for improving balance in older adults?
A. Resistance training
B. Balance training exercises
C. High-intensity strength training targeting LE muscles
D. Flexibility exercises

A

A. Resistance training

22
Q

Which of the following training methods has been shown to improve the Limits of Stability (LOS) in older adults?
A. Flexibility training
B. Weight shifting exercises
C. Hip strengthening only
D. Stretching exercises

A

B. Weight shifting exercises

22
Q

T/F - Core strengthening is crucial for improving balance and involves focusing on muscular endurance and functional training.

A

TRUE

23
Q

Which system assesses the composite functioning of sensory, motor, and biomechanical components of balance using computerized methods?

A

Computerized dynamic posturography.

23
Q

T/F - Strengthening exercises alone are sufficient to improve balance in older adults.

A

False. Task-specific training should be combined with strengthening exercises for optimal outcomes.

23
Q

What is the key focus of Anticipatory Control (APCs) in balance training?
A. Reacting to unexpected balance perturbations
B. Pre-programmed postural control based on prior experience
C. Increasing proprioception in the ankle
D. Reducing muscle stiffness

A

B. Pre-programmed postural control based on prior experience

23
Q

Weak hip abduction decreases lateral stability of the trunk and increases fall risk in older adults.

A

TRUE

24
Q

Name one strategy that should be emphasized during Limits of Stability (LOS) training to improve balance.

A

: Ankle strategy.

24
Q

Why is it important not to over-rely on impairment-focused therapy in balance training sessions?

A

Impairment-focused therapy should not dominate sessions because task-specific training has shown better outcomes, but addressing key impairments can support task-specific progress.

24
Q

What muscle groups are critical for improving mediolateral (ML) balance control and allowing weight shift?

A

Hip abductors and adductors.

25
Q

What is the primary focus of reactive postural control training?
A. Increasing muscle strength
B. Improving coordination of planned movements
C. Enhancing the body’s response to unplanned balance disturbances
D. Developing flexibility in the lower extremities

A

C. Enhancing the body’s response to unplanned balance disturbances

25
Q

Postural control refers to the ability to control the body’s position in space within and outside the __________.

A

Base of Support (BOS).

26
Q

Which of the following strategies is considered a reactive postural response to unplanned perturbations?
A. Visual tracking exercises
B. Anticipatory adjustments
C. Stepping strategy
D. Diagonal PNF patterns

A

C. Stepping strategy

27
Q

T/F - Cognitive games that challenge reaction time can help improve reactive postural control.

A

TRUE

28
Q

T/F - Visual stabilization exercises should not be included in balance training, as they increase cognitive workload.

A

False. Visual stabilization exercises can help reduce cognitive demands during balancing tasks.

29
Q

Which of the following interventions is designed to help PD patients overcome episodes of freezing?
A. Resistance training
B. Gestes Antagonistes
C. Stretching exercises
D. Manual therapy

A

B. Gestes Antagonistes

29
Q

__________ balance involves automatic movement patterns in response to unexpected balance disturbances, while __________ balance involves adjustments made in anticipation of a potential loss of balance.

A

Reactive, anticipatory

30
Q

LSVT BIG protocol involves how many sessions over a 4-week period?
A. 10 sessions
B. 16 sessions
C. 20 sessions
D. 24 sessions

A

B. 16 sessions

31
Q

Which of the following dietary recommendations is important for optimizing Levodopa absorption in PD patients?
A. High protein diet
B. Increased intake of red meat
C. High fiber intake with adequate fluids
D. Low carbohydrate diet

A

C. High fiber intake with adequate fluids

32
Q

T/F - Weighted Supported Ambulation Training can be beneficial for improving gait in patients with Parkinson’s Disease.

A

TRUE

33
Q

The LSVT BIG protocol was originally developed for improving speech in PD patients before being adapted for movement.q

A

TRUE

34
Q

What are two examples of “Gestes Antagonistes” that can help PD patients overcome freezing?

A

Marching to a metronome or command (e.g., “left, right, left, right”) and stepping over objects.

35
Q

Why should PD patients avoid red meat in their diet when taking Levodopa?

A

Amino acids from red meat can impair the absorption of Levodopa, potentially reducing its effectiveness in managing motor symptoms.

36
Q

The ________ protocol involves 4 consecutive days a week for 4 weeks, with exercises that focus on increasing the size of movements in PD patients.

A

LSVT BIG

37
Q

Weight Supported Ambulation Training (WSAT) is often done using equipment like ________ or ________ to assist PD patients with gait training.

A

LiteGait, Biodex

38
Q

Name one on-the-horizon treatment option for Parkinson’s Disease that involves introducing new genetic material.

A

Gene therapy.

39
Q
A

TeraEx 2 (9 decks)

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