FINALS: REVIEWER Flashcards by appyiiii <3

Cause(s) of ischemic heart disease.

Aortic insufficiency
Coronary Artery Spasm
Anemia

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The ideal position used to produce the most forceful cough is

. Upright sitting

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Contraindication for Cardiac Rehabilitation program activity include the following, EXCEPT:
a. Severe Hypertension
b. Unstable Angina
c. Drop in blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more
d. Depression

d. Depression

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Non continuous breath sound described as sounding like soda pop fuzzing or hair rubbed through the fingers next to ear;
a. Rales
b. Wheezes
c. Rhonchi
d. Friction rub

d. Friction rub

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Elevating a patient’s lower extremity for less than 1 minute produces a noticeable pallor of the foot, followed by delayed
reactive hyperemia in a dependent position. These signs are indicative of:
a. Arterial insufficiency
b. An intact circulatory system
c. Venous insufficiency
d. Acute arterial occlusion

a. Arterial insufficiency

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During mediate percussion of your patient, what does a dull and flat sound means?
a. The patient has asthma
b. The patient hays emphysema
c. There is greater amount air in the area
d. There is a greater than normal amount of fluid in the areas

d. There is a greater than normal amount of fluid in the areas

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An 82 year old frail adult is continued to bed in a nursing facility. He has developed a small superficial wound over the sacral
area. Since only small amounts of necrotic tissue are present, the physician has decided to use autolytic wound debridement.
This is BEST achieved with;
a. Wound irrigation using a syringe
b. Sharp debridement
c. Wet to dry gauze dressing with antimicrobial ointment
d. Transparent film dressing

b. Sharp debridement

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The respiratory muscles are controlled by motor nerves. These motor nerves have cell bodies located in

Pons & Medulla

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. Signs of cardiac dysfunction include the following, EXCEPT
a. An increase of diastolic blood pressure during exercise that is greater than 15 to 20 mmHg
b. Heart rate that is either excessively high or exceptionally low during exercise
c. A diastolic blood pressure that does not rise progressively as work level increases
d. Electrocardiography changes such as dysrhythmias or ST segment depression

a. An increase of diastolic blood pressure during exercise that is greater than 15 to 20 mmHg

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. If you ask to expel gas maximally from the lungs by forceful effort after maximum inspiration, you are measuring the:
a. Vital capacity
b. Tidal volume
c. Inspiratory capacity
d. Inspiratory reserve volume

a. Vital capacity

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The most useful procedure in evaluating lung function:
a. Spirometry
b. Analysis of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
c. Analysis of arterial blood gas
d. All of the above

a. Spirometry

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. In a cardiac rehabilitation program, all of the following can be done in the ICU by the 7th to 14th day, EXCEPT:
a. Elevate the lower extremities in bed
b. Use of bedside commodes
c. Sit for ½ to 1 hour periods
d. Light isotonic exercise

a. Elevate the lower extremities in bed

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The movement of gas in and out of the pulmonary system

Ventilation

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Rehabilitation programs should emphasize aerobic activities that utilize:
a. Larger leg muscles
b. None of these
c. Smaller arm muscles
d. Both of these

d. Both of these

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With the ABG analysis results in, you found out that patient’s pH level is 7.0, HCO3 22 and PaCO2 is 49 mmHg. Patient is
exhibiting dyspnea and headache. Which of the following is the patient’s most probable condition?

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

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Which of the following is considered a function of the lungs?

Gas exchange

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Sixty percent of clinical exercise intensity is obtained with Borg scale at:
a. 13
b. 12
c. 11
d. 10

a. 13

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Which of the following has no direct stimulatory effect on the medullary respiratory center?
a. Changes in the arterial PCO2
b. Changes in the nervous output from the joint proprioception
c. Changes in arterial pH

b. Changes in the nervous output from the joint proprioception

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In restrictive lung diseases, this is a finding
a. Decreased RV
b. Increased FEV
c. Increased FRC
d. No change in VC

a. Decreased RV

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A persons maximum heart rate is measured by subtracting a persons age by:
a. 180
b. 200
c. 160
d. 220

d. 220

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A patient has the following symptoms: persistent coughing and wheezing, recurrent pneumonia, salty skin, excessive
appetite but poor weight gain, and foul smelling stools. He most probably suffers from:

cystic fibrosis

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. Potential candidates for Phase I cardiac rehabilitation, EXCEPT
a. Those who have prolonged bed confinement
b. Those who have undergone coronary artery bypass
c. Those who have sustained acute Ml
d. Those with heart failure diseases that are producing an impaired functional capabilities

b. Those who have undergone coronary artery bypass

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. Triad of asthma, EXCEPT
a. None of these
b. Dyspnea
c. Coughing
d. Wheezing

a. None of these

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high−pitched sounds heard longer during expiration then inspiration are:
a. Rhonchi
b. Wheezes
c. Bronchovascular
d. Vesicular

b. Wheezes

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Cystic fibrosis is classified as a: a. Restrictive lung disease b. Disorder of the oil glands c. Obstructive lung disease d. Bleeding disorder

a. Restrictive lung disease

The presence of pain and anxiety in a client can often lead to hyperventilation. When a client hyperventilates, the arterial concentration of carbon dioxide will be which of the following? a. Vary depending on oxygen saturation b. Increased c. Remain unchanged d. Decreased

d. Decreased

In acute myocardial infarction, thrombosis in the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery results to infarction of the: a. Anterior left ventricle and interventricular septum b. Right ventricular myocardium and interventricular septum c. Anterolateral wall of the right ventricle d. Posteroinferior portion of the left ventricle

a. Anterior left ventricle and interventricular septum

Clinical manifestation of CAD: a. All of these b. Heart failure c. Sudden death d. Angina pectoris

d. Angina pectoris

Increase in transverse diameter of the thorax occurs with

Elevation of the lateral portion of the ribs

Percussion and shaking are effective modes of treatment for all of the following disease process, EXCEPT: a. Viral pneumonia b. Cystic Fibrosis c. Chronic Bronchitis d. Bronchiectasis

a. Viral pneumonia

Your examination of the pressure ulcer on the patient’s heel reveals dry eschar without edema, erythema, fluctuance or drainage. The patient is afebrile. The BEST recommendation regarding intervention for this ulcer is: a. Use of an AFO with heel pressure relief b. Sharp debridement c. Enzymatic debridement

a. Use of an AFO with heel pressure relief

All of the following are examples of moderate cardiac activity, EXCEPT: a. Playing the piano b. Making beds c. Driving car d. Dressing−undressing

a. Playing the piano

. Exercise activities for the MI, patient should be scheduled

atleast 1 hr after meals

The exercise prescription of any exercise program should include the following, EXCEPT: a. Time of day exercise should be done b. Progression of activity c. Duration d. Intensity

a. Time of day exercise should be done

. When doing diaphragmatic breathing exercises, the patient is instructed to place the hand over the abdomen for visual cue. As the patient breathes slowly and deeply, the abdomen should: a. Lower b. Rise c. Vibrate d. Not move

b. Rise

The following are examples of restrictive lung disease, EXCEPT a. Paralysis of respiratory muscle b. Bony abnormality of chest c. Emphysema d. Pneumonia

c. Emphysema

An elderly patient presents with a sacral pressure measuring 6 in x 6 (15cm x 15 cm). The wound has moderate serous fluid drainage and is loosely covered with necrotic and fibrotic tissue, although there are no indication of infection present. The BEST method of debridement is, a. Daily vigorous scrubbing of the wound b. Wet to dry dressings with normal saline 2x/day c. Whirlpool jet agitation 2times/day d. Daily wet to dry dressing with 1:1 diluted povidone-iodine (Betadine)

b. Wet to dry dressings with normal saline 2x/day

Early mobilization of Phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation of patients is done to prevent onset of:

deconditioning

A 60 year old laborer with a known CAD had an exercise stress test resulting in a recommendation his activities should not exceed 7 METS. You advise him a. Carrying objects that weighs more than 50 lbs b. Taking a hot shower c. Climbing stairs

c. Climbing stairs

Normal PaO2 a. 80-90 mmHg b. Between 60-70 mmHg c. 100-110 mmHg d. Between 70-60 mmHg

a. 80-90 mmHg

Cardiac dysfunction results in the following EXCEPT a. Excessive fatigue b. Changes in electrocardiographic activity or heart sounds c. Dyspnea d. Chest pain

a. Excessive fatigue

Major goals of Phase II cardiac rehabilitation, EXCEPT a. Improvement of libido b. Improvement in psychological adjustment c. Improved cardiovascular performance d. Return to work

a. Improvement of libido

If a cardiac output is 7.2 Lƒmin and the heart rate is 80 bpm then the stroke volume is: a. 70 mL b. 80 mL c. 100 mL d. 90 mL

d. 90 mL

Acute post−operative rehabilitation of lung transplant cases include the following, EXCEPT a. Huff coughing with closure of the glottis b. ROM exercises progressing to transfer out of bed c. Adequate pain control, optimal positioning, and modification in coughing techniques

a. Huff coughing with closure of the glottis

Major risk factors of coronary heart disease, EXCEPT: a. High purine diet b. Obesity c. Cigarette smoking d. Elevated levels of serum lipids

a. High purine diet

Patients on Phase I cardiac rehabilitation is discharged if capable of activities requiring how many METS

. 3-5 METs

What will you most expect in a patient who has atelectasis during pulmonary assessment?

Tracheal shift to the ipsilateral side

You are educating a physical therapy student about lung volumes. The maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is called: a. Residual volume b. Total lung capacity c. Vital capacity d. Inspiratory capacity

b. Total lung capacity

You are a physical therapist giving instruction on the skin care to a 65 years old female who is below knee amputee. Upon observation you notice that the patient’s opposite lower extremity toes are dark and discolored with mild atrophic changes in the nails. You also note there is mild swelling of the foot and ankle. Which of the following most likely suspect?

chronic venous insufficiency

A patient with cardiac arrhythmia is referred to physical therapy services for cardiac rehabilitation. The therapist is aware that the heart receives nerve impulses that begin in the sinoatrial node of the heart and then proceed to which of the following: a. Purkinje fibers, then to the bundle branches, and then to the atrioventricular node b. Atrioventricular node, then to the Purkinje fibers, and to the bundle branches c. Bundle branches, then to atrioventricular nodes, and then to the Purkinje FIbers d. Atrioventricular nodes, the to the Bundle branches, and then to the Purkinje fibers

d. Atrioventricular nodes, the to the Bundle branches, and then to the Purkinje fibers

. In cardiac rehabilitation of a patient, an example of an activity which uses about 1.4 to 2.0 METs is: a. Light house work b. Walking 2 mph c. Light industrial work d. Light house work and lying quietly

d. Light house work and lying quietly

The proper sequence of events that occur in coughing after inspiration is:

. Glottis close, abdominal contraction glottis open, air expiration

The muscles that act for respiratory movements include a. Scalene b. Internal intercostals c. SCM d. External intercostals

a. Scalene

Which type of atrioventricular (AV) block is present, given the increased ST interval with partially missed QRS

Third degree AV block

All of the following are risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease EXCEPT: a. Smoking b. Exposure to certain gases or fumes c. Exposure to heavy amounts of second hands smoke and pollution d. Physical inactivity or obesity

d. Physical inactivity or obesity

The following are physiological abnormalities seen in Congestive heart failure, EXCEPT: a. Decreased preload b. Decreased CO c. Impaired ventricular function d. Increased heart rate

a. Decreased preload

The following can be used for exercise testing of cardiac patients, EXCEPT: a. Walking b. Running c. Stationary bike d. treadmill

b. Running

Quiet inspiration uses what muscle?

Diaphragm, scalenes, external intercostals

Triad of mitral valve prolapse

Chest pain, dyspnea, palpitation

COPD causes what changes in lung capacities

A decrease in IRV, TLC, ERV, and VC

Corticosteroids cause what change in vitals?

Decrease HR and BP

A 62-year-old patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most likely pulmonary result would be a. Decreased residual volume b. Increased vital capacity c. Increased total lung capacity

c. Increased total lung capacity

. Supplemental oxygen tank is needed at what Hb saturation level?

88%

This is a type of cardiomyopathy wherein the cause is CAD, alcohol abuse, myocarditis resulting to LV failure and systolic dysfunction a. None of the above b. Dilated c. Restrictive d. hypertrophic

b. Dilated

Cyanosis occurs at what Hb saturation level?

70%

The following are impending signs of myocardial infarction, EXCEPT: a. Chest pain not relieved by rest b. Severe crushing pain on the chest that lasts for less than 5 minutes c. Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerine

b. Severe crushing pain on the chest that lasts for less than 5 minutes

T or F . The best test for COPD is a pulmonary function test called VO2max spirometry

TRUE

True statements about heart failure, EXCEPT: a. The normal blood can not be accommodated by the heart b. Inadequate pump performance c. An increase filling of the ventricles secondary to compression

a. The normal blood can not be accommodated by the heart

The following statements are true regarding pericarditis, EXCEPT: a. The inflamed pericardium may cause pain when it rubs against the heart b. Has the same aggravating and relieving factor with myocardial infarction c. Chest pain is brought about by difficulty of the heart to expand fully due to the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as inflammation occurs over time d. Pain duration may last for hours to days

b. Has the same aggravating and relieving factor with myocardial infarction

Early signs of respiratory acidosis are: a. Anxiety b. All of the above c. Dyspnea d. headache

ALL

Restrictive lung disease causes what changes in lung capacities? a. An increase in TLC and RV, decrease in VC and ERV b. An increase in IRV, ERV, and VC c. A decrease in TV, RV, TLC, IRV d. A decrease in IRV, TLC, ERV and VC

c. A decrease in TV, RV, TLC, IRV

True about the coronary arteries, EXCEPT: a. Arise from the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium b. The left coronary artery commonly supplies the posterior interventricular septum c. The right coronary artery has 2 major branches: the anterior descending artery and the marginal artery

b. The left coronary artery commonly supplies the posterior interventricular septum

A paCO2 that is greater than 50mmHg causes what change in pH? a. No change in Ph b. Respiratory acidosis and a low acidic pH c. Respiratory alkalosis and a high basic pH

b. Respiratory acidosis and a low acidic pH

Diastolic filling time, EXCEPT: a. An increase will be achieved as long as there is an increase sympathetic nervous activity b. An increase in necessary in order to augment cardiac output c. An increase may be achieved if the heart rate decreases d. An increase will facilitate coronary artery filling

b. An increase in necessary in order to augment cardiac output

A breathing pattern that has increased rate and depth is?

Hyperventilation

The type of angina wherein there is an abrupt change in intensity and frequency of pain and may last up to 20-30 min. It is unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin

Crescendo angina

The MET unit is dependent on body weight a. True b. false

a. True

A breathing pattern that has a decrease rate and depth is? a. Hyperventilation b. Bradypnea c. hypoventilation

c. hypoventilation

Bronchodilators cause what changes to vitals?

. Increase in HR and BP

Vital functions cannot be maintained when Hb saturation reaches what level a. 70% b. 80% c. 88%

a. 70%