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123/L > Prelim | Radiographic Film > Flashcards

Prelim | Radiographic Film Flashcards

1
Q

General types of film

A

Intensifying screen
Laser printing
Copy or duplicating
Dental
Radiation monitoring
Dry transfer

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2
Q

Intensifying screen film emulsion

A

Two

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3
Q

Intensifying screen film characteristic

A

Blue or green sensitive

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4
Q

Intensifying screen film application

A

Genral radiography

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5
Q

Laser printing film emulsion

A

Single with antihalation backing

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6
Q

Laser printing film characteristic

A

Matches laser used (about 630nm)

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7
Q

Laser printing film application

A

Laser printing attached to CT, MRI, ultrasound, etc.

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8
Q

Copy or duplicating film emulsions

A

Single with antihalation backing

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9
Q

Copy or duplicating film characteristic

A

Pre-exposed to Dmax

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10
Q

Copy or duplicating film application

A

Duplicating radiographs

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11
Q

Dental film emulsions

A

Two packed in sealed envelope

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12
Q

Dental film chracteristic

A

Has lead foil to reduce vack scatter

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13
Q

Dental film application

A

Dentistry

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14
Q

Radiation monitoring film emulsions

A

Two packed in sealed envelope

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15
Q

Radiation monitoring film characteristics

A

One emulsion can be sloughed off to increase OD scale

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16
Q

Radiation monitoring film application

A

Radiation monitoring

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17
Q

Dry transfer film emulsions

A

One

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18
Q

Dry transfer film characteristics

A

Thermally sensitive

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19
Q

Dry transfer film application

A

“Dry printers”

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20
Q

Recording medium that converts the x-ray beam into a visible image

A

Radiographic film

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21
Q

Radiographic film historical timeline

A

Glass plate (1896)
Cellulose Nitrate (1914)
Cellulose Triacetate (1924)
Mylar Base (1950)
Polyester (1960)

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22
Q

Film that is easily breakable

A

Glass plate (1896)

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23
Q

Film that provides the highest resolution

A

Glass plate (1896)

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24
Q

Film that is not breakable yet is flammable

A

Cellulose Nitrate (1914)

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25
Q

Film that is not flammable

A

Cellulose Triacetate (1924)

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26
Q

Film that is more rigid and thick

A

Mylar base (1950)

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27
Q

What is the polyester film made up of, and what does it contain?

A

Molten polymer (contains dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol)

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28
Q

Types of radiographic film criteria

A

According to:
- Screen
- Construction
- Sensitivity

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29
Q

Types of radiographic film according to screen

A
  • Direct exposure film/ Non-screen film
  • Indirect exposure film/ Screen film
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30
Q

mAs, pt dose, blurring, and resolution relationship

A

↑mAs, ↑pt dose (direct)
↓ blurring, ↑resolution (inverse)

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31
Q

Types of radiographic film according to construction

A
  • Single-coated emulsion
  • Double-coated emulsion
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32
Q

Causes halation

A

Single-coated emulsion

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33
Q

Describe halation

A

Blurring due to scattered xrays

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34
Q

Cannot be viewed under white light illumination

A

double-coated emulsion

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35
Q

Types of radiographic film according to sensitivity

A
  • Monochromatic
  • Orthochromatic
  • Panchromatic
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36
Q

Film sensitive to all collors

A

Panchromatic

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37
Q

Film used in photography

A

Panchromatic

38
Q

Basic parts of a radiographic film

A

Base and emulsionj

39
Q

Other parts of a radiographic film (aside from main parts)

A

Adhesive layer and overcoat

40
Q

Radiographic film thickness

A

150 to 300 micrometer

41
Q

Biggest size of an x-ray film

A

35 * 43cm (14 * 17”)

42
Q

Smallest size of an x-ray film

A

13 * 13cm (5 * 7”)

43
Q

Manufactured in total darkness

A

Radiographic film

44
Q

Protective covering of gelatin that enclosed the mulsion

A

Overcoat/ Supercoat

45
Q

Overcoat/ Supercoat composition

A

Transparent gelatin

46
Q

Overcoat/ Supercoat characteristics

A
  • Prevents damage to sensitive emulsion layer
  • Protects emulsion from scratches, pressure, and contamiantion
  • Allows rough manipulation of x-ray dilm before exposure
47
Q

Overcoat/ Supercoat thickness

A

2-5 micrometer

48
Q

Heart of the radiographic film

49
Q

Material with which x-rays or light photons from radiographic intensifying screens interact and transfer information

50
Q

Active layer of the film

51
Q

Radiation and light-sensitive

52
Q

Emulsion size/ thickness

A

3-5 micrometer

53
Q

Emulsion 2 principal compnents

A
  • Silver halide crytals
  • Gelatin
54
Q

Recording medium of the film

A

Silver halide crystals (Emulsion)

55
Q

Active ingredient of the emulsion

A

Silver halide crystals

56
Q

Composition of the silver halide crystal

A

98% silver bromide
2% silver iodide

57
Q

Silver halide crystal formation:

I. Crystal formation dissolve (1) in (2) to form (3)

II. (4) (through mixing AgNO3)

AgNO3 + (5) = (6)

A
  1. metallic silver (Ag)
  2. nitric acid (HNO3)
  3. silver nitrate (AgNO3)
  4. Activation
  5. KBr
  6. AgBr+KNO3
58
Q

Mechanical binder of the emulsion

59
Q

Maintain even distribution of silver halide crystals

60
Q

Gelatin shapes

A

Tabular (mostly used)
Cubic
Octahedral
Polyhedral
Irregular

61
Q

Holds the silver halide crystal uniformly dispersed in place

62
Q

Gelatin (of emulsion) characteristic

A

Clear and sufficiaently porous

63
Q

Gelatin (of emulsion) principal function

A

Provide mechanical support to SHCs

64
Q

Other term for adhesive

A

Substratum

65
Q

Where is the adhesive located?

A

Between emulsion and base

66
Q

Adheres one layer of the film

67
Q

Adhesive composition

A

Gelatin and cellulose ester

68
Q

Adhesive thickness

A

1-2.5 micrometer

69
Q

Adhesive purpose

A

Allows emulsion and base to maintain proper contact and integrity

70
Q

Foundation of framework of the film

A

Base layer

71
Q

Base layer purpose

A

To provide a rigid structure unto which the emulsion can be coated

72
Q

Base layer composition

A

Polyester/ plastic

73
Q

Base layer thickness

A

150-300 micrometer

74
Q

Contains a dye

A

Base layer

75
Q

Function of the dye

A

Reduce eyestrain and fatigue

76
Q

Good c haracteristics of a base layer

A
  1. Dimensional stabililty
  2. Optical lucency (clarity)
  3. Non-flammable
  4. Tensile strength
  5. Flexible
  6. Chemically inert
  7. Waterproof
  8. Memory
77
Q

No change in size shape

A

Dimensional stabililty

78
Q

Transparent to light

A

Optical lucency (clarity)

79
Q

Resistant to fire

A

Non-flammable

80
Q

Thin but strong/ rigid

A

Tensile Strength

81
Q

For easy handling and to allow smooth movement during automatic processing

82
Q

Not reactive to corrosive/ reactive subs

A

Chemically Inert

83
Q

Example of a chemically inert substance

84
Q

Should not absorb moisture (To avoid build up of molds)

A

Waterproof

85
Q

Can store images even it ages (5-10 years)

86
Q

Base layers can store images for how long?

A

5-10 years

87
Q

Few additives of the radiographic film

A
  1. Preservative
  2. Silver iodide
  3. Glycerin
  4. Saponin
  5. Alcohol
88
Q

What preservative is used in an x-ray film?

A

Phenol as bactericide

89
Q

Extends sensitivity towards blue range (some dyes may extend color sensiticity)

A

Silver iodide

90
Q

Additive that makes emulsion pliable

91
Q

Additive used to make the emulsion receptive to processing chemicals

92
Q

Additive used to prevent frothing during coating

123/L (16 decks)

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