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0859/L RAD TECH 123/L > Finals | Automatic Processor > Flashcards

Finals | Automatic Processor Flashcards

1
Q

A device designed to move medical X-ray films from one solution to the next, without human intervention, except to insert a film or cassette.

A

Automatic Processor

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2
Q

When and who introduced the first automatic x-ray film processor?

A

1942, Pako

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3
Q

The first commercially available model could process (1) with the use of (2).

A
  1. 120 films/hour
  2. special film hangers
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4
Q

Dunked from one tank to another

A

Film hangers

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5
Q

Appr. total cycle time for processing one film using the first automatic x-ray film processor

A

Approximately 40 minutes

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6
Q

When and who intrpduced the first roller transport system for processing medical radiographs?

A

1956, Eastman Kodak Company

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7
Q

Wight and length of the 1956 Eastman Kodak roller transport sytem

A

about 10 feet long

weighed nearly three quarters of a ton

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8
Q

When and who introduced the 90-second rapid processing?

A

1965, Eastman Kodak

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9
Q

Rapid processing was possible because of the development of new (1) and (2), as well as the faster drying permitted by a (3).

A
  1. chemicals
  2. emulsions
  3. polyester film base
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10
Q

Rapid processing was possible because of the development of new chemistry and emulsions, as well as the faster drying permitted by a polyester film base.

A

90-second rapid processing in 1965

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11
Q

When and who introducedd the automatic film processor with a processing cycle of approximately 45 seconds?

A

1987, Konica

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12
Q

Why is the 45 seconds automatic film processor least used even with its faster application?

A

It requires special films and chemicals manufactured by Konica themselves

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13
Q

Automatic processor history timeline

A

1942: First automatic x-ray film processor (Pako)

1956: First roller transport system (Eastman Kodak)

1965: 90-second rapid processing (Eastman Kodak)

1987: 45-second automatic film processor (Konica)

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14
Q

Most preferred automatic processor

A

Eastman Kodak’s 90-second rapid processing

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15
Q

AUTOMATIC PROCESSOR PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS

A
  1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM
  2. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM
  3. CIRCULATION SYSTEM
  4. REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM
  5. DRYER SYSTEM
  6. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
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16
Q

TRANSPORT AND CONTROL TIME OF
IMMERSION

A
  1. Film is inserted through the feed tray.
  2. Entrance rollers grip the film and begin its trip through the processor.
    * Microswitch is then engaged to control the replenishment rate of the processing chemicals.
  3. From the entrance rollers, the film is transported by rollers and racks through the wet chemistry tanks and the drying chamber, and is finally deposited in the receiving bin.
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17
Q

TRANSPORT SYSTEM: SUBSYSTEMS

A
  1. Roller assembly
  2. Transport rack assembly
  3. Drive subsystem
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18
Q

Subsytems of the ROLLER ASSEMBLY

A

A. Main Transport Roller
B. Master roller (solar roller)
C. Planetary rollers and metal or plastic guide shoes

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19
Q

Convey the film along its path.

A

Main Transport Roller

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20
Q

Positioned opposite one another in pairs or are offset from one another.

A

Main Transport Roller

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21
Q

Main transport roller (roller assembly) diameter

A

1 inch

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22
Q

Used when the film makes a turn in the processor

A

Master roller

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23
Q

Other term for Master roller

A

Solar roller

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24
Q

Master roller (Roller assembly) diameter

A

Diameter of 3 inches (7mm)

25
Q

Usually positioned around the master roller.

A

Planetary rollers and metal or plastic guide shoes

26
Q

Biggest roller assembly

A

Master roller (solar roller)

27
Q

TRANSPORT RACK ASSEMBLY

(1): most of the rollers in the transport system are
positioned on a (2).

These racks are easily removable and provide for convenient (3) and efficient (4) of the processor.

A
  1. Transport rack subassembly
  2. rack assembly
  3. maintenance
  4. cleaning
28
Q

Curved metal lip with smooth grooves guides the film around the bend

A

Guide shoe

29
Q

TRANSPORT RACK ASSEMBLY

For a 180-degree bend, the film is positioned for the turn by the (1), is propelled around the (2) by (3) and its planetary rollers, and leaves the (2) by entering the next straight run of rollers through the (4).

A
  1. leading guide shoe
  2. curve
  3. master roller
  4. trailing guide shoe
30
Q

What comprises the Turnaround assembly?

A

Master roller
Planetary rollers
Guide shoes

31
Q

Where is the turnaround assbemly located?

A

Bottom of the transport rack assembly.

32
Q

When the film exits the top of the rack assembly, it is guided to the adjacent rack assembly through a —.

A

cross-over rack

33
Q

What consists of the smaller crossover rack?

A

Rollers
Guide shoes.

34
Q

Power for the transport system is provided by a fractional —.

A

horsepower drive motor

35
Q

Transfers power to the transport rack and drive the rollers.

A

Chain, pulley, or gear assembly

36
Q

The three principal mechanical devices

A
  1. belt and pulley
  2. chain and sprocket
  3. gears.
37
Q
  • These mechanical devices connect the (1) of the (2) to the (3) of the (4).
A
  1. mechanical energy
  2. drive motor
  3. drive motor mechanism
  4. rack assembly
38
Q

Most critical temperature

A

Developer temperature

39
Q

Developer temperature

A

Maintained at 35C (95F).

40
Q

Wash water is maintained at — lower than developer temperature

A

3C (5F)

41
Q

Temperature is monitored at each stage by a (1) or (2) and is controlled thermostatically by a controlled heating element in each tank.

A
  1. thermocouple
  2. thermosistor
42
Q

What can a high chemical temperature do?

A

Transport rollers which are made of rubber can melt and chemicals cannot be efficiently soaked

43
Q

CIRCULATION SYSTEM

Why is agitation necessary?

A
  1. To continually mix the
    processing chemicals
  2. To maintain a constant
    temperature throughout the processing tanks,
  3. Aid exposure of emulsion to the chemicals
44
Q

Continuously pumps the developer and the fixer

A

CIRCULATION SYSTEM

45
Q

The developer circulation system requires a filter that traps particles as small as approximately (1) to trap flecks of (2) that are dislodged from the emulsion.

A
  1. 100 micrometer
  2. gelatin
46
Q

CIRCULATION SYSTEM

Water must be circulated through the (1) to remove all of the (2) from the (3) of the film before drying; this ensures (4).

A
  1. wash tank
  2. processing chemicals
  3. surface
  4. archival quality
47
Q

CIRCULATION SYSTEM

(1) is piped into the tank at the bottom and overflows out the top, where it is
collected and discharged directly into the (2). The minimum flow rate for the wash tank in most processors is (3).

A
  1. Fresh tap water
  2. sewer system
  3. 12L/ minute (3 gal/ minute)
48
Q

Meters the proper quantities of chemicals into each tank to maintain volume and chemical
activity.

A

REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM

49
Q

REPLENISHMENT
SYSTEM maintains (1) and (2). Wash water is not recirculated and therefore is continuously and
completely (3).

A
  1. volume
  2. chemical activity
  3. replenished
50
Q

Replenishment rates are approximately (1) of developer and (2) of fixer for every (3) of film.

A
  1. 60 to 70 ml
  2. 100 to 110 ml
  3. 14 inches (35 cm)
51
Q

Usually, if the replenishment rate is
increased, radiographic contrast is (1). If the rate is too low, contrast (2) significantly.

Thus, replenishment rate and radiographic contrast is (3) proportional to each other

A
  1. slightly increased
  2. decreases
  3. directly
52
Q

DRYER SYSTEM consists of:

A

Blower
Ventilation Ducts
Drying Tubes
Exhaust System

53
Q

Dryer system function

A

Extracts all residual moisture from the processed radiograph, so it drops into the receiving bin dry.

54
Q

A processor should be run at a (1) air pressure so that air is continually being sucked in and
the (2) moist air vented externally.

A
  1. negative internal
  2. fume-laden
55
Q

The (1) is a fan that sucks in room air and blows it across heating coils through (2) to the (3). Therefore, room air should be (4) and (5)

A
  1. blower
  2. ductwork
  3. drying tubes
  4. low in humidity
  5. free of dust.
56
Q

Sometimes, as many as (1) heating coils of appr. (2) capacity are used. The
temperature of the air entering the drying chamber is (3).

A
  1. three
  2. 2500 W
  3. thermostatically regulated
57
Q

Provided in the thermal and mechanical components of each systems.

A

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

58
Q

Each major electrical
component will be fused, and the (1) is the only part of the electrical system of importance to the (2).

A
  1. fuse box
  2. technologists
59
Q

Most processing faults leading
to damp film are due to
—

A

depletion of glutaraldehyde

0859/L RAD TECH 123/L (16 decks)

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