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123/L > Finals (Lab) | Radiographic Arifacts > Flashcards

Finals (Lab) | Radiographic Arifacts Flashcards

1
Q

Artifacts are undesirable (1) or (2) on a radiograph or any other medical image.

A
  1. optical densities
  2. blemishes
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2
Q

An artifact is any (1) on an image that is NOT caused by the (2) of tissue by the (3).

A
  1. irregularities
  2. proper shadowing
  3. primary x-ray beam
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3
Q

Artifacts can interfere with the (1) of (2) and can lead to (3).

A
  1. visualization
  2. anatomical structures
  3. misdiagnosis
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4
Q

Artifacts can be controlled when their cause is (1).

A
  1. identified
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5
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC ARTIFACTS

A

01 EXPOSURE ARTIFACTS

02 PROCESSING ARTIFACTS

03 HANDLING AND STORAGE ARTIFACTS

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6
Q

What are not considered artifacts but are still seen in a radiograph?

A

Pins, fasteners, dressings, and splints

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7
Q

Why do pins, fasteners, dressings, and splints often have to remain in place?

A

In cases of trauma, such as fractures or severe injuries, these are often used to stabilize and support the affected area during healing. Removing these devices too early or without proper care could potentially worsen the injury or lead to complications.

For example, removing a splint too soon could result in the bone not healing properly or moving out of alignment. Similarly, removing dressings or fasteners too early could expose the wound to infection or cause excessive bleeding.

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8
Q

Associated with the manner in which the radiographer conducts the examination.

A

EXPOSURE ARTIFACTS

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9
Q

EXPOSURE ARTIFACTS

A
  1. Unexpected foreign objects
  2. Double Exposure
  3. Motion Blur
  4. Grid cut-off artifacts
  5. Poor Screen Film Contact
  6. Wrong Screen-Film Match
  7. Warped Cassette
  8. Underexposure/ Overexposure
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10
Q

Cause of Unexpected foreign objects

A

Improper patient preparation/ instruction

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11
Q

Unexpected FO appearance

A

Radiopaque/ radioparent

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12
Q

Corrective action for unepected FO

A

Give proper and detailed instruction

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13
Q

Cause of double exposure

A

Reuse of cassettes that had already been exposed

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14
Q

Corrective action for double exposure

A

Properly store CXTS
Exposed CXTs: loading bench
Unexposed CXTs:radiographic area

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15
Q

Cause of Motion Blur

A

Improper patient movement, including breathing

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16
Q

Corrective action for motion blue

A

Proper patient instruction

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17
Q

Proper patient instruction for a chest XR?

A
  • Full inspiration on second instructed breathing.
  • This allows full expansion of lungs full of air
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18
Q

Devices used to keep a specific body part still and in the correct position during the imaging procedure

A

Immobilization devices

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19
Q

Example of immobilization devices

A

Straps
Sponges
Sandbags
Pigg-o-stat

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20
Q

Cause of Grid cut-off artifacts

A
  • Improper patient positioning
  • Improper grid positioning/ ratio
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21
Q

What is a grid?

A
  • A device placed b/n patient and the CXT
  • Helps absorb scattered image
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22
Q

Cause of Poor Screen Film Contact

A

Destroyed compression device

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23
Q

Cause of Wrong Screen-Film Match

A

Improper match of film and screen combination

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24
Q

Cause of a Warped Cassette

A
  • Leaking of light
  • Poor CXT condition
25
Warped CXT apperance
Radiolucent
26
Corrective action for warped CXT
Replace CXT by new one
27
Cause of Underexposure/ Overexposure
Improper Exposure Factors
28
Corrective action for Underexposure/ Overexposure
Use exposure charts (indicate correct exposure factors per POI)
29
Any number of artifacts that can be produced during processing. (Both Manual and Automatic)
PROCESSING ARTIFACTS
30
PROCESSING ARTIFACTS
1. ROLLER MARKERS: Guide Shoe Marks 2. ROLLER MARKERS: Pi Lines 3. Dirty rollers 4. Chemical fog 5. Curtain effect 6. Wet- pressure sensitization 7. Emulsion Pick-Off 8. Dichroic stain 9. Streaking 10. Reticulation marks
31
Cause of ROLLER MARKERS: Guide Shoe Marks
Improper position or springing of guide shoes in Turnaround or crossover assembly
32
Cause of ROLLER MARKERS: Pi Lines
Dirt or chemical stains on roller
33
Guide shoe marks vs Pi lines
Guide shoe marks: Radioparent lines Pi lines: Radiolucent lines
34
Appearance of Pi lines (aside from radiolucent lines)
3.14 inches (π) interval between lines because of dirt or a chemical stain on a roller with 1 inch diameter. 3.1416 inches represents one revolution of a roller.
35
Corrective action for Pi lines
Clean rollers/ gears
36
Cause of Dirty rollers
Dirty or warped rollers, which can leave sludge deposits on film
37
Why should tanks be circulated in relation to dirty rollers?
Tanks should be circulated to prevent sludges
38
Cause of Chemical fog
Improper or inadequate processing chemistry * Manual processing tank: Contaminated developer tank with fixer
39
Cause of Curtain effect
Improper squeezing of processing chemicals from film
40
Appearance of curtain effect
Running down pattern of water
41
Cause of Wet- pressure sensitization
Increased pressure during development that produces small circular patterns of increased OD.
42
Cause of Emulsion Pick-Off
Emulsion removed from the previous films that is either stuck on processor rollers or dissolved in the developer solution is deposited on subsequent images * Manual: Emulsions stick with each others during hanging of film
43
Cause of Dichroic stain
1. Improper or inadequate chemistry. 2. Caused by continued development in the fixer. (Never occurs in automatic processor)
44
DICHROIC MEANS (1). STAINS SEEN ON A RADIOGRAPH CAN APPEAR (2), (3), (4) OR (5),
1. TWO COLORS 2. YELLOW 3. GREEN 4. BLUE 5. PURPLE
45
Cause of Streaking
Manual: Failure of proper agitation during processing Automatic: improper circulation system
46
Cause of Reticulation marks
Uneven solution or high temperature causing excessive expansion and contraction of film emulsion during processing
47
A number of artifacts that are caused by improper film handling and storage conditions.
HANDLING AND STORAGE ARTIFACTS
48
HANDLING AND STORAGE ARTIFACTS
1. Light or radiation fog 2. Kink marks 3. Pressure marks 4. Static marks 5. Hyporetention Stains 6. Fingerprints 7. Dirty Cassettes
49
Cause of Light or radiation fog
White-light leaks in the darkroom or within the cassette cause streak like artifacts of increased OD
50
Cause of Kink marks
Kinking or abrupt bending of film
51
Other term for kink marks
Fingernail marks
52
Cause of Pressure marks
Film is stacked too high in storage
53
Corrective action for pressure marks
Store films vertically uprights
54
Cause of Static marks
Build-up of electrons in the emulsion and is most noticeable during the winter or during periods of extremely low humidity.
55
Cause of Hyporetention Stains
Thiosulfate is left on the film because of inadequate washing
56
Cause of Fingerprints artifacts
Black: Developer on fingertips; White: Oil or Fixer on fingertips blocks developer
57
Corrective action for fingerprints artifacts
Keep fingers dry
58
Cause of Dirty Cassettes
Improper cleaning of cassettes before and after exposure.
59
Corrective action for dirty CXTs artifacts
Clean CXT before and after exposure

123/L (16 decks)

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