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123/L > Finals (Lab) | Radiographic Arifacts > Flashcards

Finals (Lab) | Radiographic Arifacts Flashcards

1
Q

Artifacts are undesirable (1) or (2) on a radiograph or any other medical image.

A
  1. optical densities
  2. blemishes
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2
Q

An artifact is any (1) on an image that is NOT caused by the (2) of tissue by the (3).

A
  1. irregularities
  2. proper shadowing
  3. primary x-ray beam
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3
Q

Artifacts can interfere with the (1) of (2) and can lead to (3).

A
  1. visualization
  2. anatomical structures
  3. misdiagnosis
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4
Q

Artifacts can be controlled when their cause is (1).

A
  1. identified
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5
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC ARTIFACTS

A

01 EXPOSURE ARTIFACTS

02 PROCESSING ARTIFACTS

03 HANDLING AND STORAGE ARTIFACTS

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6
Q

What are not considered artifacts but are still seen in a radiograph?

A

Pins, fasteners, dressings, and splints

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7
Q

Why do pins, fasteners, dressings, and splints often have to remain in place?

A

In cases of trauma, such as fractures or severe injuries, these are often used to stabilize and support the affected area during healing. Removing these devices too early or without proper care could potentially worsen the injury or lead to complications.

For example, removing a splint too soon could result in the bone not healing properly or moving out of alignment. Similarly, removing dressings or fasteners too early could expose the wound to infection or cause excessive bleeding.

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8
Q

Associated with the manner in which the radiographer conducts the examination.

A

EXPOSURE ARTIFACTS

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9
Q

EXPOSURE ARTIFACTS

A
  1. Unexpected foreign objects
  2. Double Exposure
  3. Motion Blur
  4. Grid cut-off artifacts
  5. Poor Screen Film Contact
  6. Wrong Screen-Film Match
  7. Warped Cassette
  8. Underexposure/ Overexposure
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10
Q

Cause of Unexpected foreign objects

A

Improper patient preparation/ instruction

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11
Q

Unexpected FO appearance

A

Radiopaque/ radioparent

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12
Q

Corrective action for unepected FO

A

Give proper and detailed instruction

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13
Q

Cause of double exposure

A

Reuse of cassettes that had already been exposed

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14
Q

Corrective action for double exposure

A

Properly store CXTS
Exposed CXTs: loading bench
Unexposed CXTs:radiographic area

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15
Q

Cause of Motion Blur

A

Improper patient movement, including breathing

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16
Q

Corrective action for motion blue

A

Proper patient instruction

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17
Q

Proper patient instruction for a chest XR?

A
  • Full inspiration on second instructed breathing.
  • This allows full expansion of lungs full of air
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18
Q

Devices used to keep a specific body part still and in the correct position during the imaging procedure

A

Immobilization devices

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19
Q

Example of immobilization devices

A

Straps
Sponges
Sandbags
Pigg-o-stat

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20
Q

Cause of Grid cut-off artifacts

A
  • Improper patient positioning
  • Improper grid positioning/ ratio
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21
Q

What is a grid?

A
  • A device placed b/n patient and the CXT
  • Helps absorb scattered image
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22
Q

Cause of Poor Screen Film Contact

A

Destroyed compression device

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23
Q

Cause of Wrong Screen-Film Match

A

Improper match of film and screen combination

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24
Q

Cause of a Warped Cassette

A
  • Leaking of light
  • Poor CXT condition
25
Q

Warped CXT apperance

A

Radiolucent

26
Q

Corrective action for warped CXT

A

Replace CXT by new one

27
Q

Cause of Underexposure/ Overexposure

A

Improper Exposure Factors

28
Q

Corrective action for Underexposure/ Overexposure

A

Use exposure charts (indicate correct exposure factors per POI)

29
Q

Any number of artifacts that can be produced during processing. (Both Manual and Automatic)

A

PROCESSING ARTIFACTS

30
Q

PROCESSING ARTIFACTS

A
  1. ROLLER MARKERS: Guide Shoe Marks
  2. ROLLER MARKERS: Pi Lines
  3. Dirty rollers
  4. Chemical fog
  5. Curtain effect
  6. Wet- pressure sensitization
  7. Emulsion Pick-Off
  8. Dichroic stain
  9. Streaking
  10. Reticulation marks
31
Q

Cause of ROLLER MARKERS: Guide Shoe Marks

A

Improper position or springing of guide shoes in Turnaround or crossover assembly

32
Q

Cause of ROLLER MARKERS: Pi Lines

A

Dirt or chemical stains on
roller

33
Q

Guide shoe marks vs Pi lines

A

Guide shoe marks: Radioparent lines
Pi lines: Radiolucent lines

34
Q

Appearance of Pi lines (aside from radiolucent lines)

A

3.14 inches (π) interval between lines because of dirt or a chemical stain on a roller with 1 inch diameter. 3.1416 inches represents one revolution of a roller.

35
Q

Corrective action for Pi lines

A

Clean rollers/ gears

36
Q

Cause of Dirty rollers

A

Dirty or warped rollers, which can leave sludge deposits on film

37
Q

Why should tanks be circulated in relation to dirty rollers?

A

Tanks should be circulated to prevent sludges

38
Q

Cause of Chemical fog

A

Improper or inadequate processing chemistry

  • Manual processing tank: Contaminated developer tank with fixer
39
Q

Cause of Curtain effect

A

Improper squeezing of processing chemicals from film

40
Q

Appearance of curtain effect

A

Running down pattern of water

41
Q

Cause of Wet- pressure sensitization

A

Increased pressure during development that produces small circular patterns of increased OD.

42
Q

Cause of Emulsion Pick-Off

A

Emulsion removed from the previous films that is either stuck on processor rollers or dissolved in the developer solution is deposited on subsequent images

  • Manual: Emulsions stick with each others during hanging of film
43
Q

Cause of Dichroic stain

A
  1. Improper or inadequate chemistry.
  2. Caused by continued development in the fixer.
    (Never occurs in automatic processor)
44
Q

DICHROIC MEANS (1). STAINS SEEN ON A RADIOGRAPH CAN APPEAR (2), (3), (4) OR (5),

A
  1. TWO COLORS
  2. YELLOW
  3. GREEN
  4. BLUE
  5. PURPLE
45
Q

Cause of Streaking

A

Manual: Failure of proper agitation during processing

Automatic: improper circulation system

46
Q

Cause of Reticulation marks

A

Uneven solution or high temperature causing excessive expansion and contraction of film emulsion during processing

47
Q

A number of artifacts that are caused by improper film handling and storage conditions.

A

HANDLING AND STORAGE ARTIFACTS

48
Q

HANDLING AND STORAGE ARTIFACTS

A
  1. Light or radiation fog
  2. Kink marks
  3. Pressure marks
  4. Static marks
  5. Hyporetention Stains
  6. Fingerprints
  7. Dirty Cassettes
49
Q

Cause of Light or radiation fog

A

White-light leaks in the darkroom or within the cassette cause streak like artifacts of increased OD

50
Q

Cause of Kink marks

A

Kinking or abrupt bending of film

51
Q

Other term for kink marks

A

Fingernail marks

52
Q

Cause of Pressure marks

A

Film is stacked too high in storage

53
Q

Corrective action for pressure marks

A

Store films vertically uprights

54
Q

Cause of Static marks

A

Build-up of electrons in the emulsion and is most noticeable during the winter or during periods of extremely low humidity.

55
Q

Cause of Hyporetention Stains

A

Thiosulfate is left on the film because of inadequate washing

56
Q

Cause of Fingerprints artifacts

A

Black: Developer on fingertips;
White: Oil or Fixer on fingertips blocks developer

57
Q

Corrective action for fingerprints artifacts

A

Keep fingers dry

58
Q

Cause of Dirty Cassettes

A

Improper cleaning of cassettes before and after exposure.

59
Q

Corrective action for dirty CXTs artifacts

A

Clean CXT before and after exposure

123/L (16 decks)

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