Midterm | RADIOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHY: Sensitometry & Characteristic Curve Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitometry as a photographic science has been credited to two Americans

A

Ferdinand Hurter and
Vero Charles Driffield

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2
Q

Ferdinand Hurter and Vero Charles Driffield first proposed a form of evaluation of the performance of photographic material in the year

A

1876

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3
Q

The main interest in radiography is how the film
will react to (apparently) _____________, although
usually the real interest is how the film will react
to the light produced by the ___________________.

A

x-radiation; intensifying screen

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4
Q

The study of the relationship between intensity of exposure of the film and the blackness after processing.

A

SENSITOMETRY

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5
Q

The measurement of the sensitivity of the film towards radiation.

A

SENSITOMETRY

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6
Q

is normally the blackness of the film.

A

Photographic density

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7
Q

is the graph which shows the relationship between the log of exposure and the density produced in the film.

A

Characteristic curve

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8
Q

It increases with exposure.

A

Photographic density

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9
Q

Density of an image is approximately proportional to the amount of _________ present in emulsion.

A

silver

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10
Q

conveniently express large differences in numbers on a small scale.

A

Logarithms

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11
Q

If the films are _______________, the resulting density is equal to the sum of densities.

A

superimposed

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12
Q

The human eye seems to respond to different tones in a way which is approximately logarithmic. A density of two looks twice as dark as a _________________.

A

density of one

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13
Q

enable a much wider range of values to be appreciated with understanding

A

Logarithmic scales

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14
Q

equal increments have the __________ ratio.

A

same

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15
Q

Two pieces of apparatus are needed to construct a characteristic curve:

A

Optical step wedge
Densitometer

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16
Q

Optical step wedge is AKA

A

sensitometer

17
Q

measures OD (optical density)

A

Densitometer

18
Q

as the film or the film-screen is subjected to greater and greater exposure, a point is reached when further increase in exposure can’t result any increase in density. thus, the film achieves a maximum level of density known as

A

Dmax (maximum density/over-exposed region)

19
Q

in this region, subject contrast do not produce image contrast and no subject detail can be visualized

A

over-exposed region (dmax)

20
Q

it has small density (around 0.5), even at the starting point although there has been no exposure or only a very small exposure

A

Dmin (minimum density/under-exposed region)

21
Q

this is the result of base density plus fog

22
Q

the useful range of optical density

A

0.25 to 2.5

23
Q

most radiographs have an optical density of

A

0.5 to 1.25

24
Q

base plus fog optical density is

A

0.1 to 0.3

25
in this region, change in exposure causes a significant change in density
LINEAR RESPONSE/ STEEP SLOPE/ REGION OF CORRECT EXPOSURE
26
the ___________ the slope of the characteristic curve, the higher the contrast
steeper
27
The phenomenon when subjected to exposures many times greater than that required to achieve D max
SOLARIZATION
28
in solarization, the film responds in the opposite way than normal. producing a reduction in image density called
reversal
29
LAYERS OF CASSETTE
FRONT COVER PRESSURE PAD BASE REFLECTIVE LAYER PHOSPHOR SUPERCOAT EMULSION ADHESIVE BASE ADHESIVE EMULSION SUPERCOAT PHOSPHOR REFLECTIVE LAYER BASE PRESSURE PAD LEAD BACKING BACK COVER