PRELIM LEC: Fundamental Concepts in Analytical Procedures (BISHOP) Flashcards
ref: Advance Class Discussion and Chapter 1 of Bishop
to perform analytic procedures that yield accurate and precise information, aiding in patient
diagnosis and treatment
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
defines the physical quantity or dimension, such as mass, length, time, or volume.
UNIT
This system was devised to provide the global scientific community with a uniform method
of describing physical quantities
SI (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL UNIT) UNIT
subclassifications OF SI UNITS:
basic unit
derived unit
is a derivative or a mathematical function describing one of the basic units
derived units
This group develops standards of practice, definitions, and guidelines that can be adopted by everyone in a given field, providing for more uniform terminology and less confusion.
International Organization for Standardization, often referred to as ISO
require manufacturers to indicate any physical or biologic health hazards and precautions needed for
the safe use, storage, and disposal of any chemical
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
is required to provide technical data sheets for each chemical manufactured on a document called a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
manufacturer
certified standard reference materials (SRMs) are used instead of ACS primary standard materials.
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
established specifications for AR grade chemicals, and chemical manufacturers will either meet or exceed these requirements
American Chemical Society (ACS)
has been purified to remove almost all organic materials, using a technique of distillation much like that found in organic chemistry laboratory distillation experiments in which water is boiled and vaporized
Distilled water
are excellent in removing particulate matter, microorganisms, and any pyrogens or endotoxins
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, like distillation
is purified from previously treated water, such as prefiltered or distilled water
Deionized water
has some or all ions removed, although organic material may still be present, so it is neither pure nor sterile
Deionized water
is produced using either an anion or a cation exchange resin, followed by replacement of the removed ions with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions
Deionized water
is a process that uses pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane, producing water that reflects a filtered product of the
original water. It does not remove dissolved gases.
Reverse osmosis
uses an anion resin followed by a cation resin. The
different resins may be in separate columns or in the same column. This processis excellent in removing dissolved ionized solids and dissolved gases.
two-bed system
may be used for the pretreatment of water
Reverse osmosis
which removes some trace organic material or
sterilization processes at specific wavelengths, when used in combination with ozone treatment, can destroy bacteria but may leave behind residual products.
Ultraviolet oxidation
These techniques are often used after other purification processes have been completed.
Ultraviolet oxidation
are those properties related to the number of solute
particles per solvent molecules, not on the type of particles present
Colligative Properties
Colligative Properties
osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point, and boiling point
is the pressure exerted by the vapor when the liquid solvent is in equilibrium with the vapor.
Vapor pressure
is the temperature at which the first crystal (solid) of solvent forms in equilibrium with
the solution
Freezing point
