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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 > MIDTERM LEC: LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS > Flashcards

MIDTERM LEC: LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS Flashcards

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1
Q

are basically fats

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Biological function of lipids:

A
  • Fuel
  • Insulation
  • Protect or cushion internal organs
  • Building blocks of other substances in the body
  • Constituent of cell walls
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3
Q

comprises 95% of lipids in food and human body

A

Triglycerides

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4
Q

major class of dietary lipids

A

Triglycerides

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5
Q

lipids that are solid at RT

A

FATS

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6
Q

lipids that are liquid at RT

A

OILS

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7
Q

Phospholipids FORMS:

A
  • 70% Lecithin/Phosphatidylcholine
  • 20% Sphingomyelin
  • 10% Cephalin
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8
Q

not used for energy

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q
  • precursor of steroid hormones
A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

constituent of cell membranes

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

building blocks of lipids

A

Fatty Acids

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10
Q
A

Lipoproteins

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11
Q
A

Lipoproteins

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12
Q

5 TYPES Lipoproteins

A
  • Chylomicrons
  • Very Low Density Lipoprotein
  • Intermediate Density Lipoprotein
  • Low Density Lipoprotein
  • High Density Lipoprotein
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13
Q

ƒ Most dense to the least (based on density):

A

HDL > LDL > VLDL > Chylomicron

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14
Q

function: transport TAG absorbed from the intestine to adipose, cardiac & skeletal muscle

A

Chylomicron

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14
Q

ƒ Heaviest to lightest (based on Molecular Weight):

A

Chylomicron > VLDL > LDL > HDL

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15
Q

Chylomicron
- Contains:

A

85-92% TAG
6-12% phospholipids
1-3% cholesterol
1-2% proteins

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16
Q

Responsible for post-prandial turbidity of sample

A

Chylomicron

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17
Q
  • Lipoprotein made in the liver
A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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18
Q

Second hightest TAG content

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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19
Q

function: Endogenous transport of TAG; body’s internal transport mechanism for lipids

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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20
Q

VLDL remnant

A

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)

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20
Q

similar to LDL wherein it transports TAG, fats and cholesterol and can also promote the growth of atheroma

A

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)

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21
Q

Responsible for fasting hyperlipidemic turbidity of
sample

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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22
Q

function: enables fats and cholesterol to move within water-based solution of the bloodstream

A

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)

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23
Q

products of VLDL and IDL metabolism

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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24
Q

most cholesterol-rich

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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25
Q

function: principal cholesterol and fat transport in blood

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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25
Q

known as the “bad cholesterol” because it is involved in the progression of CVD like atherosclerosis or stroke

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

26
Q

metabolism: 40-60% cleared by hepatic LDL receptors; the rest are taken up by non-hepatic (scavenger) receptors such as macrophages

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

27
Q

smallest and densest

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

28
Q

most abundant in apolipoproteins

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

29
Q

phospholipid is the main lipidic content

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

30
Q

function: reverse cholesterol transport; transport of excess cholesterol from tissues and cells back to the liver

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

31
Q

known as the “good cholesterol” because it protects against heart disease

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

32
Q

metabolism: synthesized in the liver and intestine

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

33
Q

are proteins that bind lipids to form lipoprotein

A

Apolipoproteins

34
Q

They serve as enzyme cofactors and receptor ligands and they also regulate the metabolism of LP and their uptake in tissues

A

Apolipoproteins

35
Q

Main protein in HDL; Activator of LCAT for esterification

A

Apo A-1

36
Q

VLDL, LDL

A

Apo B-100

37
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Apo B-48

38
Q
  • Lipemia clearing factor
  • Activates LPL, targets TAG and removes CM
    after meal
A

Apo C-II

39
Q
  • VLDL, LDL, HDL
  • Increased in Alzheimer’s Dx
A

Apo E

40
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases:

A
  • NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE
  • TANGIER’S DISEASE
  • TAY-SACH’S DISEASE
  • ANDERSON’S DISEASE
  • SITOSTEROLEMIA
41
Q

Accumulation of sphingomyelin in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes

A

NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE

42
Q
  • Complete absence of HDL (HDL: 1-2
    mg/dL)
  • Clin cx: orange or yellow discoloration
    of tonsils and pharynx
A

TANGIER’S DISEASE

43
Q
  • Deficiency of hexosaminidase A
  • Accumulation of sphingolipids in the brain
A

TAY-SACH’S DISEASE

44
Q

Chylomicron-retention disease

A

ANDERSON’S DISEASE

45
Q

Plant sterols absorbed and accumulated in the blood and tissues

A

SITOSTEROLEMIA

46
Q

Lipid Disorders:

A
  • 1: Hyperchylomicronemia
  • 2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia
  • 2b: Familial combined hyperlipidemia
  • 3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
  • 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia
  • 5:
  • Abetalipoproteinemia/ Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome
46
Q

LPL deficiency (Low cardiac risk, eruptive
xanthoma, recurrent pancreatitis)

A

1: Hyperchylomicronemia

47
Q

Defective or deficient LDL receptors (High cardiac risk, xanthelasma, tendon xanthoma, corneal arcus, hypothyroidism, nephritic syndrome)

A

2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia

48
Q

Most common (High cardiac risk)

A

2b: Familial combined hyperlipidemia

49
Q

Low cardiac risk

A

4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia

49
Q

Accumulated VLDL (Eruptive and palmar xanthomas)

A

3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

50
Q

Low cardiac risk, eruptive xanthoma

A

5:

51
Q

Defective apo β synthesis (Cerebral ataxia, acanthocytosis, fat malabsorption)

A

Abetalipoproteinemia/ Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome

52
Q

INCREASE IN 1: Hyperchylomicronemia

A
  • TAG
  • CHYLOMICRONS
53
Q

ONLY NORMAL IN 1: Hyperchylomicronemia

A
  • CHOLESTEROL
  • LDL
  • VLDL
54
Q

INCREASE IN 2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia

A
  • CHOLESTEROL
  • LDL
55
Q

INCREASE IN 3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

A
  • TAG
  • CHOLE
  • VLDL
55
Q

NORMAL IN 3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

A
  • CM
  • LDL
55
Q

NORMAL IN 2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia

A
  • TAG
  • CM
  • VLDL
56
Q

ONLY NORMAL IN 2b: Familial combined hyperlipidemia

A
  • CM
  • TAG, CHOLE, LDL, VLDL (INCREASE)
57
Q

ONLY NONE IN 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia

A

CM

58
Q

INCREASE IN 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia

A
  • TAG
  • VLDL
59
Q

NORMAL IN 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia

A
  • CHOLE
  • LDL
60
Q

ONLY NONE IN 5:

A

CHOLE

61
Q

INCREASE IN 5:

A
  • TAG
  • CM
  • VLDL
62
Q

DECREASE IN Abetalipoproteinemia/ BassenKornzweig Syndrome

A
  • TAG
  • CHOLE
62
Q

ONLY NORMAL IN 5:

A

LDL

63
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia/ BassenKornzweig Syndrome NOT FOUN IN PLASMA

A
  • CM
  • LDL
  • VLDL

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 (12 decks)

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