PRELIM LAB: LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards by Chin Lys

Also known as Public Law 91-596

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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Enacted by U.S. Congress in 1970

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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Goal: provide work employees with a safe working environment

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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Authorized to conduct on-site inspections to
determine whether an employer is xomplying
with the mandatory standards

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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OSHA standards that regulate safety in the laboratory:

○ Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
○ Formaldehyde Standard
○ Laboratory Standard
○ Hazard Communication Standard
○ Respiratory Protection Standard
○ Air Contaminants Standard
○ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Standard

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29 CFR 1910. 1030

Bloodborne Pathogens

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Requires employers to safeguard employees
who have a reasonably anticipated occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials

Bloodborne Pathogens

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Mandates development of exposure control plan

Bloodborne Pathogens

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Assume all human blood, tissue, and
most fluids are handled as if known to
be infectious for the HIV, HBV, and other
bloodborne pathogens

Universal precautions

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29 CFR 1910. 1200

Hazard Communication

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Subpart of OSHA’s Toxic and Hazardous Substances

Hazard Communication

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Intended to ensure that the hazards of all
chemicals used in the workplace have been
evaluated

Hazard Communication

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Hazard information is successfully
transmitted to employers and their
employees who use the substances

Safety Data Sheets

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29 CFR 1910. 1450

Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories

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Subpart of OSHA’s Toxic and Hazardous Substances

Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories

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Intended to address the shortcomings of the
Hazard Communication Standard regarding its
application peculiar to the handling of
hazardous chemicals in laboratories

Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories

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Other Regulations and Guidelines

Clean Water Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Toxic Substances Control Act

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Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Requirements of the standard:

○ Appointment of a chemical hygiene
officer
○ Development of a chemical hygiene
plan

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Formerly known as National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

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Provided excellent general laboratory safety and infection control guidelines in their documents GP17-A3 (Clinical Laboratory Safety; Approved Guideline, 2e)

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

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Formerly known as the Jount Commission on
Accreditation of Health Care Organizations

The Joint Commission (TJC)

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Published the Accreditation Manual for
Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services
○ Includes a detailed section on safety
requirements

The Joint Commission (TJC)

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Publishes yearly accreditation manual for hospitals

The Joint Commission (TJC)

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Required to also have spill kits and fire aid kits

Safety Equipment

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Publishes an extensive inspection checklist (Laboratory General Checklist) as part of their Laboratory Accreditation Program ○ Includes section dedicated to laboratory safety

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

All laboratories are required to have safety showers, eyewash stations, fire blankets, and fire extinguishers

Safety Equipment

Required to contain and expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents

Fume Hoods

is recommended to locate no flow or turbulent areas in working space

Smoke testing

Filters air that circulates

Biosafety Cabinets (BSCs)

Removes particles that may be harmful to the employee who is working with potentially infectious biologic specimens

Biosafety Cabinets (BSCs)

30% - recirculated 70% - exhausted Exhaust cabinet air passes thru a dedicated duct to the outside thru a HEPA filter

BSC Class II, B1

In at front thru HEPA to the outside or into the room thru the HEPA

BSC Class I

70% - recirculated to the cabinet work area through HEPA 30% - exhausted

BSC Class II, A1

No recirculation Total exhaust to the outside thru HEPA filter

BSC Class I, B2

Similar to II, A1 but has 100 lfm (linear feet/minute) intake air velocity Plenums are under negative pressure to room

BSC Class II, A2

● Includes cabinets ● For the storage and handling of hazardous chemicals and compressed gases

Chemical Storage Equipment

used to transport glass bottles of acids, alkalis, or organic solvents in volumes larger than 500 mL

Safety carriers

used for storing, dispensing, or disposing of flammables in volumes greater than 1 quart

Approved safety cans

required for the storage of flammable liquids

Steel safety cabinets w/ self-closing doors

used to store flammable materials

Specially designed, explosion-proof refrigerators

Additional Protection

1. Aprons when handling splash-prone materials 2. Respirators ● Should have high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters 3. Handwashing

PPE and Hygiene

1. Safety glasses, goggles, visors, or work shields 2. Do not use contact lenses at work as eye protection 3. Latex gloves >>>> but polyvinyl or other nonlatex gloves can be used as substitution 4. Nitrile gloves offer wide range of compatibility with organic solvents than latex gloves

Biologic Safety General Considerations

● All blood samples and other body fluids should be collected, transported, handled, and processed using universal precautions (presume to be infectious) ● Always wear PPE

Each employer must have a written exposure control plan

Bloodborne Pathogens

TB exposure control program must be established

Airborne Pathogens

CDC guidelines require the development of a tuberculosis infection control program by any facility involved in the diagnosis or treatment of cases of confirmed infectious TB

Airborne Pathogens

Respiratory protection of N-95 (filtration of 95% of particles less than 0.3 um)

Airborne Pathogens

Labeled as infectious substances if the pathogen can be readily transmitted to humans or animals

Known or Suspect Infectious Specimens

Tested as routine screening or for initial diagnosis

Diagnostic Specimens

Published by OSHA as the new Hazard Communication srandard

Right to Know Law

States that employees must be informed of the health risks associated with those chemicals in the workplace

Right to Know Law

● Contains general information on reagent ● Replaced the existing Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ● Must provide the specific compound identity, together with all common names

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Health Hazard

0 - Normal material 1 - Slightly hazardous 2 - Hazardous 3 - Extreme danger 4 - Deadly

Fire Hazard

0 - will not burn 1 - above 200 F 2 - Will burn above 100 F, not exceeding 200 F 3 - Will burn below 100 F 4 - Will burn below 73 F

Specific Hazard

Alk - alkaline Acid - acidic Cor - corrosive Oxy - oxidizing W - water P - polymerization

Reactivity/Instability

0 - Stable 1 - Unstable if heated 2 - Violent chemical change 3 - Shock andheat may detonate 4 - May detonate

● Among the ost hazardous materials ● Classified according to flash point - temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air

Flammable/Combustible Chemicals

# 1. substances that are cancer-causing agents

Carcinogens

Areas with radioactive materials should be posted with caution signs and should have limited personnel only

Environmental Protection

Radiofrequency coil in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer

Low frequency

>1 cm

Low frequency

3 m - 3mm

Microwves

Energy beam microwave

Microwves

750 nm - 0.3 cm

Infrared

Heat lamps, lasers

Infrared

# ``` 400 - 750 nm

Visible spectrum

General illumination and glar

Visible spectrum

4 - 400 nm

Ultraviolet

Germicidal lamps

Ultraviolet

Ordinary combustible solid materials, such as paper, wood, plastic, and fiber

Class A

Flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products

Class B

Combustible/reactive metals, such as Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium

Class D

Energized electrical equipment

Class C

Class A Fires | Type of Extinguisher

Pressurized water Dry chemicals

Class B Fires | Type of Extinguisher

Dry chemical Carbon dioxide

Class C Fires | Type of Extinguisher

Carbon dioxide Halon Dry chemicals

Class D Fires | Type of Extinguisher

Metal X