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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 > ENHANCEMENT CLASS: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES > Flashcards

ENHANCEMENT CLASS: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Facilitate the correct performance of analytic procedures that yield accurate and precise information, aiding patient diagnosis and treatment.
A

Clinical Laboratory

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2
Q

Use to measure the following
scales

A

Thermometer/ Temperature

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3
Q

Basic unit of temp in SI system

A

Kelvin (°K) scales

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4
Q

3 Major types of Thermometers:

A

Liquid-in-glass
Thermistor probe
Digital thermometer

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5
Q
  • Uses colored liquid encased in
    plastic material with a bulb at one end
  • Measures temp between 20 and
    400° C
A

Liquid-in-glass

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6
Q

Accurate and fast-reading
Advantages: SIZE and MILLISECOND RESPONSE
TIME

A

Thermistor probe

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7
Q

Vessels holding/transferring
liquid are designed either to
contain or deliver a specified
volume.

A

Laboratory Vessels

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8
Q

Borosilicate

A

Kimax/Pyrex

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9
Q

Aluminosilicate

A

Corex

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10
Q

Acid and alkali resistant

A

Vycor

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11
Q

Plasticware

A
  • Polysterene
  • Polyethylene
  • Polypropylene
  • Tygon
  • Teflon
  • Polycarbonate
  • Polyvinyl chloride
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12
Q

Designed to hold different volumes rather than one exact amount.

A

Erlenmeyer flasks and Griffin
beakers

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13
Q

Are glass utensils used to transfer liquids.

A

Pipettes

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14
Q

DESIGN

A

To Contain
To Deliver

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15
Q

Do not deliver the exact/same amount

A

To Contain

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16
Q
  • Referred as “rinse-out pipettes”
  • Calibration medium - mercury
  • Ex. WBC Pipet , SAHLI Pipet, RBC
    Pipet
A

To Contain

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17
Q

Delivers the exact/same amount

A

To Deliver

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18
Q
  • Designed to drain by gravity
  • Calibration medium - Distilled
    water
  • Ex. Serological Pipet, volumetric,
    Mohr pipet (the tip should remain in contact with the side of the vessel for several seconds after the liquid has drained.)
A

To Deliver

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19
Q

Drainage Characteristics

A

Blowout
Self-draining

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20
Q
  • Has “etched rings” located near the top of the pipet
  • The last drop should be blown out to obtain the exact volume of liquid.
A

Blowout

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21
Q
  • No etched rings
  • Designed to drain liquid by gravity
  • The tip of the pipet should not be in contact with accumulating fluid in the receiving vessel during
    drainage.
A

Self-draining

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22
Q

TYPES

A

Measuring or Graduated
Transfer

23
Q

Measuring or Graduated pipettes

A

Sahli pipettes
Serologic & Mohr pipettes
WBC pipettes
RBC pipettes

24
Q

Transfer pipettes

A

Volumetric pipettes
Ostwald and Folin pipettes
Pasteur pipettes
Automated pipettes

25
Q

Types of Monochromator

A

Filters
Prism
Diffraction gratings

26
Q

device kung saan gina filter

A

Prism

27
Q

divides the light into many colors

A

Diffraction gratings

28
Q

Is defined as any substance used to produce a chemical reaction.

A

REAGENTS

29
Q

Its use in reagent and solution preparation, reconstitution or lyophilized materials, and dilution of samples demands specific requirements for its level of
purity.

A

REAGENT WATER

30
Q

water is purified by distillation

A

Distilled Water

31
Q

water is purified by ion exchange

A

Deionized Water

32
Q

water is purified by reverse osmosis

A

Ro Water

33
Q

LEVELS OF WATER PURITY

A

Type I Reagent Water
Type II Reagent Water
Type III Reagent Water

34
Q
  • MOST PURE
  • For preparation of standard solutions, buffers, and controls
  • Used in quantitative analytical procedures, electrophoresis, toxicology screening tests, and High-performance liquid chromatography.
  • After mabuhat dapat gamiton
    kaagad
A

Type I Reagent Water

35
Q
  • For some qualitative laboratory tests, such as those done in general urinalysis
  • It can be used as a water source for preparation of type I or type II
  • It can also be used for washing and rinsing laboratory glassware.
A

Type III Reagent Water

35
Q
  • For qualitative chemistry procedures and most procedures done in hematology, immunology,
    microbiology, and other clinical test areas.
A

Type II Reagent Water

36
Q
  • High degree of purity
  • Suitable for use in most analytic
    laboratory procedures
A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

37
Q
  • Sufficiently pure
  • Not recommended for clinical laboratory reagent preparation unless it undergoes further purification or a reagent blank is
    included
A

Chemically Pure (CP)

38
Q
  • Less pure than CP grade chemicals
  • Are used to manufacture drugs
A

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
and National Formulary (NF)

39
Q

Should not be used in clinical
chemical analysis without previous purification

A

TECHNICAL OR COMMERCIAL
GRADE

40
Q

A material or substance with one of more physical properties that is sufficiently well established to be used for

A

REFERENCE MATERIALS

41
Q

Highly purified chemicals that are directly weighed or measured to produced a solution whose
concentration is exactly known.

A

Primary Reference Material

42
Q

Solutions whose concentration cannot be prepared by weighing the solute and dissolving a known amount into a volume of solution.

A

Secondary Reference Material

43
Q

A process in which centrifugal force separates solid matters from a liquid suspension.

A

CENTRIFUGATION

44
Q

Solid material or sediment packed at the bottom of the centri tube

A

PRECIPITATE

45
Q
  • the liquid or top portion
A

SUPERNATANT

46
Q

Centrifugal force depends on:

A

MASS, SPEED and RADIUS

47
Q

is the force required to separate two phases in a centrifuge

A

RELATIVE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE (RCF)

48
Q

expression of speed

A

Revolution per minute (RPM)

49
Q

UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS

A

Any meaningful quantitative
laboratory result consists of 2
components:

50
Q

Based on decimal system, a system of divisions and multiple of tens.

A

English System
Metric System

51
Q

o From Systeme International d’Unites
o The standard international language of measurement
o Based on the metric system

A

International System (SI System)

52
Q

a derivative or mathematical function of one of the basic units

A

Derived units

53
Q

Are used to indicate a subunit or multiple of a basic SI unit

A

PREFIXES

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 (9 decks)

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