PRELIM LEC 2: THE AMEBAS Flashcards
INTESTINAL AMEBAE
Entamoeba histolytica
COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- Entamoeba hartmanni
- Entamoeba coli
- Entamoeba polecki
- Entamoeba gingivalis
- Entamoeba nana
- Entamoeba butschii
- Entamoeba dispar
FREE-LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE
- Naegleria fowleri
- Acanthamoeba spp.
INTESTINAL AMEBAE
- Pseudopod/false tail (for motility): forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite
- MOST INVASIVE
- Only member to cause colitis and liver abscess
- Capable of ERYTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS (being able to engulf RBCs)
Entamoeba histolytica
what stage in Entamoeba histolytica
is where it can cause disease
MOT: INGESTION can withstand the acid and will go directly to small intestines
Entamoeba histolytica MATURE QUADRINUCLEATED CYST
IN EXCYSTATION , 1 CYST CAN TRANSFORM INTO HOW MANY TROPHOZOITE?
8 TROPHOZOITES
process how the parasite will multiply
Binary Fission
- INGEST/ENGULF RBC (erythrocytes)
Motility: PROGRESSIVE, unidirectional HYALINE FINGERLIKE /blade pseudopod - Nucleus: single, eccentric
- Peripheral Chromatin (PC): fine, uniform (distinguishing uniform)
- Karyosome (K): small, central
- Cytoplasm: fine, granular, GROUND GLASS appearance, ingested RBC
Entamoeba histolytica TROPHOZOITE
Shape: spherical
Nucleus: 1-4
PC: fine, uniform
K: small, central, ‘’bull’s’’ eye appearance
Cytoplasm: with a rod-shaped (or cigar-shaped) chromatid bars
Entamoeba histolytica CYST
Production of enzymes or other cytotoxic substances.
PATHOGENESIS
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o flask shape ulceration
o typical for Entamoeba histolytica
AMOEBIC ULCER
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- masses sa intestinal lumen, or nana
- can be viewed through ENDOSCOPY
AMEBOMA
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o bloody diarrhea
AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- WORST clinical manifestation
- nana sa liver
- right upper quadrant
- heavy infection
AMEBIC LIVER ABSCESS
a product of eosinophil disintegration
CHARCOT LEYDEN CRYSTAL
Entamoeba histolytica DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- MICROSCOPIC DETECTION
- DIRECT FECAL BLOOD SMEAR (DFS)
- FORMALATE ETHER ACETATE CONCENTRATION TEST (FECT)
- MERTHIOLATE IODINE FORMALIN CONCENTRATION TEST
- ROBINSON’S AND INOKI STOOL CULTURE (most sensitive but not routinely done)
Entamoeba histolytica TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS
METRONIDAZOLE
DILOXANIDE FUORATE
COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- SPHERICAL nucleus
-distinct nucleus membrane lined with chromatin granules o small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus trophozoite (only one nucleus)
ENTAMOEBA
COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- VESICULAR NUCLEUS
- largely - irregularly - shaped karyosome near the center of the nucleus trophozoite (only 1 nucleus)
ENDOLIMAX
Motility: NON PROGRESSIVE , sluggish blunt, granular pseudopod
PC: thicker, irregular
K: large, eccentric
Cytoplasm: coarsely granular, vacuolated, DIRTY CYTOPLASM, no RBC - engulf vacuoles containing bacteria
Entamoeba coli TROPHOZOITE
Shape: spherical, oval, triangular
Nucleus: 1-8
PC: coarse, granular, irregular -
K: large eccentric
Cytoplasm: granular with pointed ends (splinter-like BROOMSTICK jagged ends) chromatoidal bars
Entamoeba coli CYST
Entamoeba coli DIAGNOSIS
Formalin Ether Acetate Concentration test (FECT) and Zinc Sulfate floatation
Iodine Stain
Swab
Direct fecal smear (DFS)
Stool
- Causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
- Habitat: THERMOPHILIC ORGANISM in hot springs and other warm aquatic environment
- Parasite may enter through nasal mucosal and attach to olfactory nerve
Naegleria fowleri
3 STAGES/ LIFE CYCLE OF Naegleria fowleri
- CYST STAGE
- TROPHOZOITE STAGE
- FLAGELLATED STAGE
favorable condition of FLAGELLATED STAGE of Naegleria fowleri
WATER
unfavorable condition of FLAGELLATED STAGE of Naegleria fowleri
SOIL
- Vegetative Stage or Feeding Stage
- Granular appearance and a single nucleus
-Blunt, LOBOSE pseudopodia directional motility
Naegleria fowleri TROPHOZOITE
- Temporary non - feeding stage
- Pear-Shaped Cell with two (2) flagella
Naegleria fowleri AMOEBOFLAGELLATE STAGE
- RESISTANCE form
- Spherical: has a smooth, single-layered wall with a single nucleus
Naegleria fowleri CYST
Diagnosis of PAM
- Bacteria-sealed agar culture medium exhibit active trophozoite within 24 hours
- PCR and ELISA (Enzyme - linked Immunoassay)
TREATMENT FOR Naegleria fowleri
- AMPHOTERICIN B WITH CLOTRIMAZOLE
- AZITHROMYCIN AND VORICONAZOLE
It is the etiologic agent of Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) and Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
- Isolated from: bottled mineral water, soil, swimming pools, deep well water, contact lens cleaning solution
Acanthamoeba spp.
Nucleus: single and large
Nucleolus: centrally located, densely staining
Cytoplasm: finely granulated with LARGE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
Acanthopodia: thorn like pseudopodia (for locomotion) sluggish, polydirectional movement, acanth-thorn, acanthocyte
Acanthamoeba spp. TROPHOZOITE
Double-walled
outer: slightly wrinkled
inner: polyhedral
Highly resistant
Acanthamoeba spp. CYST
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Commonly seen in patients who use contact lenses
Cornea shows characteristic granular infiltration and ingested conjunctiva 2)
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Destruction of brain tissue and meningeal irritation
Route of Invasion: hematogenous Incubation
Period: 10 days
Granulomatous Acanthamoeba Encephalitis (GAE)
procedure of choice for Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Deep Lamellar Keratectomy
