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PARASITOLOGY > PRELIM LEC 2: THE AMEBAS > Flashcards

PRELIM LEC 2: THE AMEBAS Flashcards

1
Q

INTESTINAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A
  • Entamoeba hartmanni
  • Entamoeba coli
  • Entamoeba polecki
  • Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Entamoeba nana
  • Entamoeba butschii
  • Entamoeba dispar
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3
Q

FREE-LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE

A
  • Naegleria fowleri
  • Acanthamoeba spp.
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4
Q

INTESTINAL AMEBAE
- Pseudopod/false tail (for motility): forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite
- MOST INVASIVE
- Only member to cause colitis and liver abscess
- Capable of ERYTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS (being able to engulf RBCs)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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5
Q

what stage in Entamoeba histolytica
is where it can cause disease
MOT: INGESTION can withstand the acid and will go directly to small intestines

A

Entamoeba histolytica MATURE QUADRINUCLEATED CYST

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6
Q

IN EXCYSTATION , 1 CYST CAN TRANSFORM INTO HOW MANY TROPHOZOITE?

A

8 TROPHOZOITES

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7
Q

process how the parasite will multiply

A

Binary Fission

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8
Q
  • INGEST/ENGULF RBC (erythrocytes)
    Motility: PROGRESSIVE, unidirectional HYALINE FINGERLIKE /blade pseudopod
  • Nucleus: single, eccentric
  • Peripheral Chromatin (PC): fine, uniform (distinguishing uniform)
  • Karyosome (K): small, central
  • Cytoplasm: fine, granular, GROUND GLASS appearance, ingested RBC
A

Entamoeba histolytica TROPHOZOITE

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9
Q

Shape: spherical
Nucleus: 1-4
PC: fine, uniform
K: small, central, ‘’bull’s’’ eye appearance
Cytoplasm: with a rod-shaped (or cigar-shaped) chromatid bars

A

Entamoeba histolytica CYST

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10
Q

Production of enzymes or other cytotoxic substances.

A

PATHOGENESIS

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o flask shape ulceration
o typical for Entamoeba histolytica

A

AMOEBIC ULCER

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12
Q

Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- masses sa intestinal lumen, or nana
- can be viewed through ENDOSCOPY

A

AMEBOMA

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13
Q

Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o bloody diarrhea

A

AMOEBIC DYSENTERY

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14
Q

Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- WORST clinical manifestation
- nana sa liver
- right upper quadrant
- heavy infection

A

AMEBIC LIVER ABSCESS

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15
Q

a product of eosinophil disintegration

A

CHARCOT LEYDEN CRYSTAL

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16
Q

Entamoeba histolytica DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

A
  • MICROSCOPIC DETECTION
  • DIRECT FECAL BLOOD SMEAR (DFS)
  • FORMALATE ETHER ACETATE CONCENTRATION TEST (FECT)
  • MERTHIOLATE IODINE FORMALIN CONCENTRATION TEST
  • ROBINSON’S AND INOKI STOOL CULTURE (most sensitive but not routinely done)
17
Q

Entamoeba histolytica TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS

A

METRONIDAZOLE
DILOXANIDE FUORATE

18
Q

COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- SPHERICAL nucleus
-distinct nucleus membrane lined with chromatin granules o small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus trophozoite (only one nucleus)

A

ENTAMOEBA

19
Q

COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- VESICULAR NUCLEUS
- largely - irregularly - shaped karyosome near the center of the nucleus trophozoite (only 1 nucleus)

A

ENDOLIMAX

20
Q

Motility: NON PROGRESSIVE , sluggish blunt, granular pseudopod
PC: thicker, irregular
K: large, eccentric
Cytoplasm: coarsely granular, vacuolated, DIRTY CYTOPLASM, no RBC - engulf vacuoles containing bacteria

A

Entamoeba coli TROPHOZOITE

21
Q

Shape: spherical, oval, triangular
Nucleus: 1-8
PC: coarse, granular, irregular -
K: large eccentric
Cytoplasm: granular with pointed ends (splinter-like BROOMSTICK jagged ends) chromatoidal bars

A

Entamoeba coli CYST

22
Q

Entamoeba coli DIAGNOSIS

A

Formalin Ether Acetate Concentration test (FECT) and Zinc Sulfate floatation
Iodine Stain
Swab
Direct fecal smear (DFS)
Stool

23
Q
  • Causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
  • Habitat: THERMOPHILIC ORGANISM in hot springs and other warm aquatic environment
  • Parasite may enter through nasal mucosal and attach to olfactory nerve
A

Naegleria fowleri

24
Q

3 STAGES/ LIFE CYCLE OF Naegleria fowleri

A
  • CYST STAGE
  • TROPHOZOITE STAGE
  • FLAGELLATED STAGE
25
Q

favorable condition of FLAGELLATED STAGE of Naegleria fowleri

A

WATER

26
Q

unfavorable condition of FLAGELLATED STAGE of Naegleria fowleri

A

SOIL

27
Q
  • Vegetative Stage or Feeding Stage
  • Granular appearance and a single nucleus
    -Blunt, LOBOSE pseudopodia directional motility
A

Naegleria fowleri TROPHOZOITE

28
Q
  • Temporary non - feeding stage
  • Pear-Shaped Cell with two (2) flagella
A

Naegleria fowleri AMOEBOFLAGELLATE STAGE

29
Q
  • RESISTANCE form
  • Spherical: has a smooth, single-layered wall with a single nucleus
A

Naegleria fowleri CYST

30
Q

Diagnosis of PAM

A
  • Bacteria-sealed agar culture medium exhibit active trophozoite within 24 hours
  • PCR and ELISA (Enzyme - linked Immunoassay)
31
Q

TREATMENT FOR Naegleria fowleri

A
  • AMPHOTERICIN B WITH CLOTRIMAZOLE
  • AZITHROMYCIN AND VORICONAZOLE
32
Q

It is the etiologic agent of Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) and Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
- Isolated from: bottled mineral water, soil, swimming pools, deep well water, contact lens cleaning solution

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

33
Q

Nucleus: single and large
Nucleolus: centrally located, densely staining
Cytoplasm: finely granulated with LARGE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
Acanthopodia: thorn like pseudopodia (for locomotion) sluggish, polydirectional movement, acanth-thorn, acanthocyte

A

Acanthamoeba spp. TROPHOZOITE

34
Q

Double-walled
outer: slightly wrinkled
inner: polyhedral
Highly resistant

A

Acanthamoeba spp. CYST

35
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Commonly seen in patients who use contact lenses
Cornea shows characteristic granular infiltration and ingested conjunctiva 2)

A

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

36
Q

Destruction of brain tissue and meningeal irritation
Route of Invasion: hematogenous Incubation
Period: 10 days

A

Granulomatous Acanthamoeba Encephalitis (GAE)

37
Q

procedure of choice for Acanthamoeba Keratitis

A

Deep Lamellar Keratectomy

PARASITOLOGY (23 decks)

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