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PARASITOLOGY > FINALS: INTESTINAL CESTODES I > Flashcards

FINALS: INTESTINAL CESTODES I Flashcards

1
Q

INTESTINAL CESTODES is under the phylum

A

Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

the phylum Platyhelminthes is composed of 2 parasitic classes:

A
  • Trematoda (flukes)
  • Cestoda (tapeworms)
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3
Q

aka false tapeworm

A

Pseudophyllidea

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4
Q

aka TRUE tapeworm

A

Cyclophyllidea

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5
Q

Long, flat and RIBBONLIKE appearance
Important parts include:
o Rostellum
o Scolex
o Proglottids

A

CESTODES

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6
Q
  • May have hook/hooklets
  • CROWN of the scolex
  • Upper part of the parasite
  • Fleshy extension of scolex
A

ROSTELLUM

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7
Q
  • CONTAINS THE SUCKER
    o For intestinal mucosa attachment
  • Suckers are FOUR CUP SHAPE in the scolex part
  • Suckers provides the worm the ability TO ATTACH to the intestinal mucosa
A

SCOLEX

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8
Q
  • SEGMENTS of the cestode
  • Formed via budding
  • Strobila – CHAIN of proglottids Individual segments
A

PROGLOTTIDS

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9
Q

– self fertilizing

A

HERMAPHRODITIC

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10
Q
  • consist of uterus that is filled with eggs
A

GRAVID

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11
Q

Cestodes may absorb nutrients and
excrete waste via

A

TEGUMENT

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12
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA OR CYCLOPHYLLIDEA?

Scolex: SPOON-SHAPED with bothria (SUCKING GROOVES); hooklets absent
Strobila: (Apolytic) sheds segments

A

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA

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13
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA OR CYCLOPHYLLIDEA?

Scolex: rostellum w/ or w/out hooks
Strobila: (Apolytic) sheds segments

A

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

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14
Q
  • “Beef tapeworm”
  • LONGEST TAPEWORM
  • Humans as definitive hosts.
  • Activity of segments: ACTIVE CRAWLING
  • Adult worm inhabits the UPPER JEJUNUM and can live up to 25 years
  • Annually, a worm may pass out 594,000,000 ova.
A

Taenia saginata

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15
Q
  • “Pork tapeworm”
  • Humans as definitive (cause intestinal
    infection) and intermediate (cause tissue infection) hosts
  • Activity of segments: not observed
  • Number of ova per gravid proglottid:
    30,000-50,000 per proglottid
  • adult worm inhabits the UPPER SMALL INTESTINES
A

Taenia solium

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16
Q

IDENTIFY:
Scolex: SPHERICAL with four acetabula
(suckers); 1mm
Rostellum: PRESENT, cushion like, doublecrowned (25-30 large and small hooks)
Number of segments: 800-1,000
Acitivity of segments: not observed
Number of ova per gravid proglottid:
30,000-50,000 per proglottid
Length: 2-4 m

A

Taenia solium

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17
Q

IDENTIFY:
Scolex: CUBOIDAL with four prominent
acetabula (suckers); 1-2mm in diameter
Rostellum: ABSENT; devoid of hooks or a
rostellum.
Number of segments: 1,000-4,000
proglottids
Activity of segments: ACTIVE CRAWLING
Number of ova per gravid proglottid:
97,000-124,000 ova per proglottid
Length: 4-10 m in length

A

Taenia saginata

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18
Q
  • 3RD Taenia spp.
    o Reported in Taiwan, Korea, Thailand and Indonesia
    o The larvae or cysticercus larvae is found in the LIVER OF INTERMEDIATE HOSTS (pigs, cattle, goats, wild boars and monkeys)
A

Taenia asiatica

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19
Q
  • Spherical/subspherical, measures 30-45
    um in diameter
  • Brownish and striated radially
  • Ova has a THICK EMBRYOPHORE
  • Inside the eggshell is the oncosphere or
    embryo provided with THREE PAIRS OF HOOKLETS (6 hooklets)
A

Taenia spp. EGG

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20
Q
  • Larval stages
  • In the tissues of intermediate hosts
  • Infective stage both solium and saginata
A

CYSTICERCOID/CYSTICERCI

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21
Q

CYSTICERCI OF T. saginata

A

Cysticercus bovis

22
Q

CYSTICERCI OF T. solium
(“measly pork”)

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

23
Q

MOT FOR TAENIA SPP.

A

VIA INGESTION OF IMPROPERLY COOKED MEAT

24
Q

IH FOR T. saginata

A

CATTLE

25
Q

IH for T. solium?

A

PIGS

26
Q

NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS OF TAENIASIS?

A
  • EPIGASTRIC PAIN
  • DISCOMFORT
  • HUNGER PAWS
  • WEAKNESS
  • WEIGHT LOSS
  • LOSS OF APPETITE
  • PRURITUS
27
Q

CYSTICERCOSIS:

o Taenia solium
o Cysticerci often multiple and may
occur in any organ/tissue such as?

A
  • BRAIN
  • STRIATED MUSCLE
  • SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
  • EYE
  • HEART
  • LUNG
  • PERITONEUM
28
Q

Taenia solium
o Most serious manifestation

A

NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS

29
Q

NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS 2 GENERAL FORM?

A
  • PARENCHYMAL
  • EXTRAPARENCHYMAL
30
Q

Useful to locate
cysticerci

A

CAT (Computed Axial
Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans

31
Q

Taeniasis
o The drug of choice is

A

praziquantel

32
Q

TREATMENT FOR – T. saginata

A

Praziquantel

33
Q

TREATMENT FOR T.
solium

A

Praziquantel + Niclosamide

34
Q

TREATMENT FOR CYSTECERCOSIS

A

o Praziquantel
o Albendazole

35
Q

PREVENTION AND CONTROL FOR Taenia spp.

A
  • Thorough cooking of meat
  • Freezing - 20℃ for 10 - days
  • Sanitary inspection of livestocks
  • Meat inspections
36
Q
  • “Dwarf tapeworm”
  • SMALLEST tapeworm
  • Intermediate hosts may not be needed
  • The only tapeworm which can complete
    their life cycle in one host (in humans)
A

Hymenolepis nana

37
Q

“Rat tapeworm”
Accidental parasite for humans
Requires intermediate host

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

38
Q

IDENTIFY:
- Scolex: SUBLOBULAR with 4 cup-shaped
suckers
- Rostellum: retractable, 20-30 Y-shaped
hooklets
- Number of segments: SHORTER (175-220)
Length: 25-45mm in length
- Resides in the ILEUM

A

Hymenolepis nana ADULT WORM

39
Q

IDENTIFY:
- Scolex: RUDIMENTARY
- Rostellum: ABSENT/ unarmed rostellum
- Number of segments: BROADER
- Length: 60cm in length

A

Hymenolepis diminuta ADULT WORM

40
Q

IDENTIFY:
o 30-47 um in diameter
o SPHERICAL/subspherical
o Colorless/clay-colored
o Conspicuous bipolar thickenings W/ 4-8 hair-like polar filaments

A

Hymenolepis nana OVA

41
Q

IDENTIFY:
o 60-80 um in diameter
o CIRCULAR
o Bipolar thickenings W/OUT FILAMENTS
o Fan-like hooklets
o Oncosphere is enclosed in inner membrane

A

Hymenolepis diminuta OVA

42
Q

DH OF H.nana

A

HUMANS AND RATS

43
Q

DH OF H. dimunta

A

RATS
( HUMANS ARE ACCIDENTAL)

44
Q

IH OF Hymenolepis nana?

A

Arthropods
- Rice & flour beetles
(Tenebrio spp.)

45
Q

IH of Hymenolepis diminuta?

A

INSECTS
- fleas
- beetles
- cockroach
- mealworms

46
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF Hymenolepis nana
- Life span of adult worms is ?

A

4 - 6 WEEKS

47
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF Hymenolepis diminuta
- Parasite will mature within

A

20 DAYS

48
Q

Hymenolepiasis
HEAVY INFECTION CAUSES?

A

ENTERITIS

(inflammation of the intestine) due to necrosis and can have desquamation

49
Q

Hymenolepiasis
LIGHT INFECTION:

A

ASYMPTOMATIC

50
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS
H. diminuta are USUALLY LIGHT
 Highest number
recorded is

A

19 WORMS

51
Q

TREATMENT FOR HYMENOLEPIASIS

A

PRAZIQUANTEL

(25mg/kg single dose)

PARASITOLOGY (23 decks)

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