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PARASITOLOGY > FINALS: INTESTINAL CESTODES I > Flashcards

FINALS: INTESTINAL CESTODES I Flashcards

1
Q

INTESTINAL CESTODES is under the phylum

A

Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

the phylum Platyhelminthes is composed of 2 parasitic classes:

A
  • Trematoda (flukes)
  • Cestoda (tapeworms)
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3
Q

aka false tapeworm

A

Pseudophyllidea

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4
Q

aka TRUE tapeworm

A

Cyclophyllidea

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5
Q

Long, flat and RIBBONLIKE appearance
Important parts include:
o Rostellum
o Scolex
o Proglottids

A

CESTODES

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6
Q
  • May have hook/hooklets
  • CROWN of the scolex
  • Upper part of the parasite
  • Fleshy extension of scolex
A

ROSTELLUM

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7
Q
  • CONTAINS THE SUCKER
    o For intestinal mucosa attachment
  • Suckers are FOUR CUP SHAPE in the scolex part
  • Suckers provides the worm the ability TO ATTACH to the intestinal mucosa
A

SCOLEX

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8
Q
  • SEGMENTS of the cestode
  • Formed via budding
  • Strobila – CHAIN of proglottids Individual segments
A

PROGLOTTIDS

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9
Q

– self fertilizing

A

HERMAPHRODITIC

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10
Q
  • consist of uterus that is filled with eggs
A

GRAVID

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11
Q

Cestodes may absorb nutrients and
excrete waste via

A

TEGUMENT

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12
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA OR CYCLOPHYLLIDEA?

Scolex: SPOON-SHAPED with bothria (SUCKING GROOVES); hooklets absent
Strobila: (Apolytic) sheds segments

A

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA

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13
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA OR CYCLOPHYLLIDEA?

Scolex: rostellum w/ or w/out hooks
Strobila: (Apolytic) sheds segments

A

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

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14
Q
  • “Beef tapeworm”
  • LONGEST TAPEWORM
  • Humans as definitive hosts.
  • Activity of segments: ACTIVE CRAWLING
  • Adult worm inhabits the UPPER JEJUNUM and can live up to 25 years
  • Annually, a worm may pass out 594,000,000 ova.
A

Taenia saginata

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15
Q
  • “Pork tapeworm”
  • Humans as definitive (cause intestinal
    infection) and intermediate (cause tissue infection) hosts
  • Activity of segments: not observed
  • Number of ova per gravid proglottid:
    30,000-50,000 per proglottid
  • adult worm inhabits the UPPER SMALL INTESTINES
A

Taenia solium

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16
Q

IDENTIFY:
Scolex: SPHERICAL with four acetabula
(suckers); 1mm
Rostellum: PRESENT, cushion like, doublecrowned (25-30 large and small hooks)
Number of segments: 800-1,000
Acitivity of segments: not observed
Number of ova per gravid proglottid:
30,000-50,000 per proglottid
Length: 2-4 m

A

Taenia solium

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17
Q

IDENTIFY:
Scolex: CUBOIDAL with four prominent
acetabula (suckers); 1-2mm in diameter
Rostellum: ABSENT; devoid of hooks or a
rostellum.
Number of segments: 1,000-4,000
proglottids
Activity of segments: ACTIVE CRAWLING
Number of ova per gravid proglottid:
97,000-124,000 ova per proglottid
Length: 4-10 m in length

A

Taenia saginata

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18
Q
  • 3RD Taenia spp.
    o Reported in Taiwan, Korea, Thailand and Indonesia
    o The larvae or cysticercus larvae is found in the LIVER OF INTERMEDIATE HOSTS (pigs, cattle, goats, wild boars and monkeys)
A

Taenia asiatica

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19
Q
  • Spherical/subspherical, measures 30-45
    um in diameter
  • Brownish and striated radially
  • Ova has a THICK EMBRYOPHORE
  • Inside the eggshell is the oncosphere or
    embryo provided with THREE PAIRS OF HOOKLETS (6 hooklets)
A

Taenia spp. EGG

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20
Q
  • Larval stages
  • In the tissues of intermediate hosts
  • Infective stage both solium and saginata
A

CYSTICERCOID/CYSTICERCI

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21
Q

CYSTICERCI OF T. saginata

A

Cysticercus bovis

22
Q

CYSTICERCI OF T. solium
(“measly pork”)

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

23
Q

MOT FOR TAENIA SPP.

A

VIA INGESTION OF IMPROPERLY COOKED MEAT

24
Q

IH FOR T. saginata

25
IH for T. solium?
PIGS
26
NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS OF TAENIASIS?
- EPIGASTRIC PAIN - DISCOMFORT - HUNGER PAWS - WEAKNESS - WEIGHT LOSS - LOSS OF APPETITE - PRURITUS
27
CYSTICERCOSIS: o Taenia solium o Cysticerci often multiple and may occur in any organ/tissue such as?
- BRAIN - STRIATED MUSCLE - SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE - EYE - HEART - LUNG - PERITONEUM
28
Taenia solium o Most serious manifestation
NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS
29
NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS 2 GENERAL FORM?
- PARENCHYMAL - EXTRAPARENCHYMAL
30
Useful to locate cysticerci
CAT (Computed Axial Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans
31
Taeniasis o The drug of choice is
praziquantel
32
TREATMENT FOR – T. saginata
Praziquantel
33
TREATMENT FOR T. solium
Praziquantel + Niclosamide
34
TREATMENT FOR CYSTECERCOSIS
o Praziquantel o Albendazole
35
PREVENTION AND CONTROL FOR Taenia spp.
- Thorough cooking of meat - Freezing - 20℃ for 10 - days - Sanitary inspection of livestocks - Meat inspections
36
- “Dwarf tapeworm” - SMALLEST tapeworm - Intermediate hosts may not be needed - The only tapeworm which can complete their life cycle in one host (in humans)
Hymenolepis nana
37
“Rat tapeworm” Accidental parasite for humans Requires intermediate host
Hymenolepis diminuta
38
IDENTIFY: - Scolex: SUBLOBULAR with 4 cup-shaped suckers - Rostellum: retractable, 20-30 Y-shaped hooklets - Number of segments: SHORTER (175-220) Length: 25-45mm in length - Resides in the ILEUM
Hymenolepis nana ADULT WORM
39
IDENTIFY: - Scolex: RUDIMENTARY - Rostellum: ABSENT/ unarmed rostellum - Number of segments: BROADER - Length: 60cm in length
Hymenolepis diminuta ADULT WORM
40
IDENTIFY: o 30-47 um in diameter o SPHERICAL/subspherical o Colorless/clay-colored o Conspicuous bipolar thickenings W/ 4-8 hair-like polar filaments
Hymenolepis nana OVA
41
IDENTIFY: o 60-80 um in diameter o CIRCULAR o Bipolar thickenings W/OUT FILAMENTS o Fan-like hooklets o Oncosphere is enclosed in inner membrane
Hymenolepis diminuta OVA
42
DH OF H.nana
HUMANS AND RATS
43
DH OF H. dimunta
RATS ( HUMANS ARE ACCIDENTAL)
44
IH OF Hymenolepis nana?
Arthropods - Rice & flour beetles (Tenebrio spp.)
45
IH of Hymenolepis diminuta?
INSECTS - fleas - beetles - cockroach - mealworms
46
LIFE CYCLE OF Hymenolepis nana - Life span of adult worms is ?
4 - 6 WEEKS
47
LIFE CYCLE OF Hymenolepis diminuta - Parasite will mature within
20 DAYS
48
Hymenolepiasis HEAVY INFECTION CAUSES?
ENTERITIS (inflammation of the intestine) due to necrosis and can have desquamation
49
Hymenolepiasis LIGHT INFECTION:
ASYMPTOMATIC
50
HYMENOLEPIASIS H. diminuta are USUALLY LIGHT  Highest number recorded is
19 WORMS
51
TREATMENT FOR HYMENOLEPIASIS
PRAZIQUANTEL (25mg/kg single dose)

PARASITOLOGY (23 decks)

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