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Hematology > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

0
Q

Many shaped nucleus

A

Neutrophils

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1
Q

Refers to the volume of RBC that occupies a given volume of WBC

A

Hematocrit

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2
Q

Study of blood cells

A

Hematology

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3
Q

Liquid portion of the blood

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Reddish protein responsible for the color of RBC

A

Hemoglobin

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5
Q

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

RBC

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6
Q

Means a loss in oxygen-carrying capacity and is often reflected in a reduced RBC count

A

Anemia

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7
Q

Means an increases RBC count reflecting increased body RBC mass, a condition that leads to hyperviscosity

A

Polycythemia

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8
Q

Composition of Drabkin reagent?

A

Potassium cyanide

Potassium ferricyanide

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9
Q

Formulation of ionic surfactant used to reduce environmental cyanide

A

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

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10
Q

Ratio of the volume of RBCs to the whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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11
Q

I packed cell volume

A

Hematocrit

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12
Q

Light colored layer between the RBC and platelets

A

Buffy coat

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13
Q

Reflects RBC diameter on a Wright stain blood film

A

Mean Cell Volume -MCV

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14
Q

Reflects staining intensity or degree of palor

A

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

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15
Q

Expresses mass of hemoglobin and closely reflects the MCHC

A

Mean Cell hemoglobin MCH

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16
Q

Stained slightly blue gray

A

Reticulocytes

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17
Q

Extreme increase in the WBC counts impart milky appearance

A

Chronic leukemia

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19
Q

Decrease WBC count

A

Leukopenia

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20
Q

Phagocytic cells whose sole purpose is to engulf and destroy bacteria that have been earlier labeled as harmful

A

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils/segmented neutrophils/segs

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21
Q

Increase in segs,often signals bacterial infection

A

Neutrophilia

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22
Q

Indicates bone marrow regeneration during blood loss and certain anemia

A

Reticulocytes

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24
Q

Decrease, caused by long term drug administration or a viral infection

A

Neutropenia

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25
Q

With pink staining granules, S or C shaped nucleus

A

BANDS, band neutrophils

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26
Q

2-um in diameter, round or oval, anucleate, slightly granular.

A

Platelets

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28
Q

Most abundant cell in the body

A

Macrophages

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29
Q

Increase WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

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30
Q

Elevated eosinophil count signals a response to allergy or parasitic infection

A

Eosinophilia

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31
Q

Dark purple, irregular cytoplasmic granules that obscure the nucleus

A

Basophils

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33
Q

A series of cellular and plasma based mechanism that seals wounds, repair vessel walls and maintain vascular patency

A

Platelets

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34
Q

Nearly round, slightly larger than RBC, have round featureless nuclei, a thin rim of nongranular cytoplasm

A

Lymphocytes

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35
Q

Nearly colorless; loosely related grouping of cell families dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury

A

White blood cell

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36
Q

Bright orange, regular cytoplasmic granules filled with antihistamine

A

Eosinophils

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38
Q

Adhere to the surfaces of damaged blood vessels, secrete proteins and small molecules that trigger thrombosis or clot formation.

A

Platelets

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39
Q

Elevated basophils, hematologic disease

A

Basophilia

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40
Q

complex system of cells that provides fir host immunity

A

Lymphocytes

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41
Q

Abnormally low-long term drug therapy or immunodeficiency

A

Lymphopenia/lymphocytopenia

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42
Q

True blood cells, that maintain blood vessels integrity by instigating vessel wall repairs

A

Platelets/thrombocytes

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43
Q

Immature macrophage passing through the blood

A

Monocytes

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45
Q

Changing from supine to standing or sitting

A

Increase test values: lipids, enzymes, protein

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46
Q

Decrease in the afternoon

A

Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone

47
Q

Increase in the afternoon

A

Iron and eosinophil

48
Q

Used to provide a barrier against venous blood flow to help locate vein

A

Tourniquets

49
Q

The tourniquets should be applied at? For how long?

A

2-4 in above the venipuncture site.

Not longer than 1min

50
Q

Inhibits the use if glucose by blood cells. Ex. Sodium fluoride and lithium iodoacetate

A

Antiglycolytic agent

51
Q

What is the physiologic pH of the blood

A

7.35-7.45

52
Q

What additives are combined with sodium fluoride to obtain plasma?

A

Potassium oxalate and potassium EDTA

53
Q

Prevents blood from clotting

A

Anticoagulant

54
Q

Additive present in red top

A

Clot activator

55
Q

Serve as separation barrier between the serum/plasma and cells

A

Separator gel

56
Q

Additive in yellow tube used for blood culture specimen collection

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate

57
Q

Most common needle size and length for adult venipuncture

A

21gauge: 1inch

58
Q

Intravenous device that consists of a short needle and a thin tube with attached plastic wings

A

Butterflies

59
Q

Solution used in cleansing venipuncture site when alcohol determination is requested

A

Benzalkonium chloride

60
Q

Vein of choice for venipuncture

A

Median cubital vein

61
Q

Recommended angle between the needle and the skin during venipuncture

A

15-30 degrees

62
Q

Mechanism of action of fibrin as an anticoagulant

A

Heparin inhibits thrombin

63
Q

Most crucial step for blood collection

A

Patient identification

64
Q

Ratio of blood to anticoagulant

A

9:1

65
Q

Most common complication encountered in blood collection

A

Ecchymosis or bruise

66
Q

Skin puncture site for infants

A

Lateral surface of the heel

67
Q

Skin puncture sites for older children and adults

A

Palmar surface of the distal portion of ring or middle finger

68
Q

Required puncture depth

A

Less than 2mm

69
Q

Refers to error occur without predictions

A

Random error

70
Q

Progressive decrease or increase

A

Drift or trend

71
Q

Lack precision

A

Dispersion

72
Q

On one side of the mean

A

Shift or abrupt change

73
Q

Start of mesoblasstic phase

A

19th day of fetal development

74
Q

Chief site of mesoblastic phase

A

Yolk sac

75
Q

Predominant cell

A

Primitive erythroblast

76
Q

Predominant cells of hepatic phase

A

Erythroblast, granulocytes, and monocytes

77
Q

Peak of hepatic phase

A

3rd month

78
Q

Chief site of hepatic phase

A

Liver

79
Q

In hepatic phase what are the detectable hemoglobin present?

A

Hb F, HbA and HbA2

80
Q

Chief site of myeloid phase

A

Bond marrow red

81
Q

An embryonic tissue that migrate into the core of the bone and differentiate into skeletal and hemapoietic blood cells

A

Mesenchymal cells

82
Q

Measurable levels of myeloid

A

EPO, G-CSF, GM-CSF fetal hemoglobin, Hb A2

83
Q

First bone to demonstrate

A

Clavicle

84
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Bone marrow

85
Q

Hematopoietically active bone marrow

A

Red marrow

86
Q

Provides a supportive network for developing hematopoietic cells, macrophages, mast cells

A

Reticular cell

87
Q

Process of replacing red marrow by yellow marrow during the development

A

Retrogression

88
Q

Maintain proliferation and differentiation of blood cells

A

Hemapoietic microenvironment

89
Q

Site for hematopoiesis if bone marrow shuts down

A

Liver

90
Q

Largest lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

91
Q

Cells are phagocytosed with subsequent degradation of cell organelles

A

Culling

92
Q

Splenic macrophages remove inclusions or damaged surface membrane from circulating RBC

A

Pitting

93
Q

All blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell called pluripotential stem cell

A

Monophyletic theory

94
Q

Each of the blood lineages derived from its own unique stem cell

A

Polyphyletic theory

95
Q

Capable of sel renewal

A

Stem cell

96
Q

HSCs randomly commits to self renewal or differentiation

A

Stochastic

97
Q

Microenvironment in the bone marrow determines whether stem cell will self renew or differentiate

A

Instructive model

98
Q

Cells fate determined by its extrinsic and intrinsic factors

A

Multilineage priming model

99
Q

Progenitor of neutrophils

A

GMP

100
Q

Major cytokine for the stimulation of neutrophil production

A

G-CSF

101
Q

Control hemostasis

A

Platelets

102
Q

Increase monocytes-hematologic disease

A

Monocytosis

105
Q

Increase lymphocytes-viral infection

A

Lymphocytosis

106
Q

Slightly larger diameter than other WBCs, gray cytoplasm, lobulated nuclues

A

Monocytes

114
Q

Stain used to differentiate and count young RBC, hemoglobin H, and heinz body

A

Supravital stain/new methylene blue

136
Q

Normal size of RBC

A

6-8um in diameter

Hematology (7 decks)

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