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Hematology > Megakaryopoiesis, History > Flashcards

Megakaryopoiesis, History Flashcards

1
Q

Clonal assays of megakaryocytic progenitor cells begun

A

1970

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2
Q

Extraction of platelets

A

Apheresis

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3
Q

Process of formation of thrombocyte

A

Megakaryopoiesis

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4
Q

Maturation of megakaryocyte in the bone marrow

A

5 days

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5
Q

Doubling of DNA without cell division

A

Endomitosis

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6
Q

Discovered megakaryocyte

A

Howell

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7
Q

Progenitor of megakaryocyte

A

BFU-Meg
CFU-Meg
LD-CFU-Meg

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8
Q

Ways to differentiate progenitor

A

Immunologic probes or Flow cytometry

Cytochemical staining

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9
Q

Platelets are directly produced from the

A

Megakaryocyte cytoplasm

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10
Q

Identification of Megakaryoblast

A

GP Ib/IX/V
GP IV
mpl

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11
Q

Described platelets as extremely minute granules in blood

A

Addison

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12
Q

Cytochemical staining

A

Platelet peroxidase-ER

Platelet peroxidase-DTS

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13
Q

Cytochemical stain for progenitors, and megakaryoblast

A

Platelet peroxidase-ER

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14
Q

Blue cytoplasm with blunt projections

A

Megakaryoblast

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15
Q

Cytochemical stain for mature platelets

A

Platelet peroxidase-DTS

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16
Q

CD42b

A

GP-Ib

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17
Q

Megakaryoblast diameter

A

14-18um

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18
Q

Endomitosis is complete in what stage

A

Megakaryoblast

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19
Q

Fine chromatin

A

Megakaryoblast

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20
Q

15-40um in diameter

A

Promegakaryocyte

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21
Q

30-50um in diameter

A

Megakaryocyte

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22
Q

Criterion for the maturity of the cell

A

Chromatin pattern

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23
Q

Chromatin becomes coarse

A

Promegakaryocyte

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24
Q

NC ratio of 3:1

A

Megakaryoblast

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25
Q

NC ratio of Promegakaryocyte

A

1:2

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26
Q

Largest cell in circulation

A

Monocyte

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27
Q

Chromatin of megakaryocyte is already

A

Condensed

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28
Q

Cytoplasm is eosinophilic and granular

A

Megakaryocyte

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29
Q

Found in myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic disorder

A

Dwarf or micromegakaryocyte

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30
Q

CD 42

A

GP Ib/IX/V

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31
Q

CD36

A

GP IV

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32
Q

Largest cell in bone marrow

A

Megakaryocyte

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33
Q

Cytoplasm is pale blue and may contain pink granules reminiscent of mature platelets

A

Dwarf/micromegakaryocyte

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34
Q

How do platelets are released?

A
  • Demarcation or invagination
  • Fragmentation of cytoplasm
  • Through micro tubular action proplatelets are formed
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35
Q

Pseudopodal extension of megakaryocyte

A

Proplatelets

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36
Q

Induce stem cell proliferation, induce proliferation and platelet released

A

Thrombopoietin

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37
Q

TPO is found in

A

Liver
Kidney
Smooth muscle

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38
Q

For early differentiation of stem cells

A

Il-3

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39
Q

Acts in the presence of TPO to enhance endomitosis, megakaryocyte maturation

A

IL 6 and 11

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40
Q

Neutralizer of heparin

A

PF4

Beta-Thromboglobulim

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41
Q

Inhibitors of Megakaryocyte growth

A 
PF4
b-TG
Neutrophil activating peptide-2
IL-8
FOG
GATA-1
NF-E2
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42
Q

Newly released platelets

A

Reticulated platelets

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43
Q

Larger than mature platelets

A

Reticulated platelets

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44
Q

Platelet life span

A

8-11 days

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45
Q

Reticulate platelets

A

Stress platelets

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46
Q

6um in diameter

A

Stress platelets

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47
Q

Stress platelets in EDTA

A

Round

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48
Q

Stress platelets in citrate

A

Cylindrical and beaded

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49
Q

Stress platelets caryy

A

Free ribosomes and fragment of T

RER

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50
Q

Diagnosis of stress platelets and positive results

A

Flow cytometer

(+) result - 3k fold increase in fluorescence

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51
Q

Structure unique to platelets

A

Glycocalyx

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52
Q

Who also observed platelets adhesive qualities of increased stickiness when a vascular wall is damaged

A

Addison

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53
Q

Labeled antibody directed against GP Ib

A

Phycoerythrin

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54
Q

Nucleic acid dyes that bind RNA of ER

A

Thiazole orange

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55
Q

Anucleated blood cell with a diameter of 2.5um

A

Platelet

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56
Q

Normal value of platelets

A

150-400k

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57
Q

Platelets value at birth and women

A

Lower at birth

Higher in women

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58
Q

30% of platelets are seen in

A

Spleen

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59
Q

Triggers primary hemostasis

A

Platelet

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60
Q

Compose of tubulin

A

Microtubules

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61
Q

Circulating, resting platelets are what shape

A

Biconvex

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62
Q

Structure unique to platelets

A

Glycocalyx

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63
Q

Adhesive structure, that responds readily to hemostatic requirements

A

Glycocalyx

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64
Q

Platelet in EDTA

A

Round

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65
Q

Compose of tubulin

A

Microtubules

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66
Q

Cytoplasm of platelets are

A

Stain light blue with azurophilic granules

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67
Q

Surrounds the chromomere, non grab

Nular and clear to light blue

A

Hyalomere

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68
Q

Nucleus has slight lobulation

A

Promegakaryocyte

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69
Q

CD41

A

GP-Ib/IIIa

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70
Q

Immunologic probes

A 
PF4
VWF
HLA-DR
GP-Ib
GP-Ib/IIIa
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71
Q

Stabilizes membrane, maintains fluidity, and helps control transmembranous passage

A

Cholesterol

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72
Q

Flips and where coagulation enzymes assemble

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

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73
Q

Intensely lobulated

A

Megakaryocyte

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74
Q

Platelet structure

A

Peripheral zone
Sol gel zone
Organelles zone
Membranous zone

75
Q

Maintain negative charge surface of the platelets to avoid thrombus formation

A

Glycocalyx

76
Q

Components of plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates

77
Q

Structure that provides phospholipids

A

Submembranous area

78
Q

25nm in size, make up the mitotic spindle fibers

A

Microtubules

79
Q

Migrates to plasma membrane and release their contents directly into plasma on activation

A

Dense core granules

80
Q

Phospholipids located at the inner cytoplasmic layer

A

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidyl serine

81
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

Plasma membrane

82
Q

Structural support for normally discoid cell

A

Tubulin

83
Q

Contract on activation to encourage expression of alpha granule contents

A

Microtubules

84
Q

Anchors plasma membrane glycoproteins

A

Actin

85
Q

Maintains the platelet structure

A

Microtubules

86
Q

Provides rigidity to pseudopods

A

Microtubules

87
Q

Structure for attachment

A

Pseudopods

88
Q

Composition of microfilaments

A

Actin

Myosin

89
Q

Causes platelets to contract

A

Actin

90
Q

Dense granule that detected using lumiaggregometry “luciferase luminescence”

A

ATP

91
Q

Contents of alpha granules flow to the?

A

Adjacent microenvironment

92
Q

Adhesive structure, that responds readily to hemostatic requirements

A

Glycocalyx

93
Q

Phospholipids located at the plasma layer

A

Phosphatidylcholine

Sphingomyelin

94
Q

Thisdisorder stays gray in osmium dye in TEM

A

Gray plasma syndrome

95
Q

Present throughout the cytoplasm

A

Actin

96
Q

Regulates vascular permeability and regulates calcium mobilization in the bone

A

PF4

98
Q

Fuse with SCCS

A

Alpha granules

99
Q

Stabilizes membrane, maintains fluidity, and helps control transmembranous passage

A

Cholesterol

100
Q

Flips and where coagulation enzymes assemble

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

101
Q

In resting platelet it is globular and amorphous

A

Actin

102
Q

59-80% of the platelets composition

A

Alpha granules

103
Q

Content of this granule participate in adhesion, aggregation and plasma coagulation

A

Alpha granules

104
Q

Contents of alpha granules

A 
Fibrinogen
VWF
Factor V and VIII
PF4
P-selectin or CD62
B-thromboglobulin
PDGF
105
Q

Alpha granule for production of fibrin strand

A

Fibrinogen

106
Q

Control center for platelets activation

A

DTS

107
Q

Alpha granule that aids as an adhesion molecule

A

vWF

108
Q

Labile factors. Easily consumed in circulation. Co factors for other coagulation

A

Factor V and VIII

109
Q

Neutralizes or inhibits heparin

A

PF4

110
Q

Alpha granule for endothelial cell and leukocytes binding

A

P-selectin or CD62

111
Q

Aside from PF4, this granule also neutralizes heparin

A

B-thromboglobulin

112
Q

Bulls eye

A

Dense core granules

113
Q

Components of dense core granules

A

Calcium and magnesium
ADP
Serotonin
ATP

114
Q

Dense granule for activation and coagulation

A

Calcium and magnesium

115
Q

Calcium sequestering.

Positive staining for platelet peroxidase activity

A

DTS

116
Q

Route for endocytosis and secretion of granular contents on activation

A

SCCS

117
Q

Granule that is for repair and growth of damaged cells

A

PDGF

118
Q

Diminished dense granules contents

A

Storage pool disorder

119
Q

An inherited absence of alpha granules

A

Gray plasma syndrome

120
Q

What happen to actin if the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases

A

Actin become filamentous and contractile

121
Q

Digest vessel wall components during in vivo aggregation

A

Lysosomes

122
Q

Derived from rough ER

A

Dense tubular system

123
Q

Indirect communication with the extra cellular environment

A

Surface connected canalicular system

124
Q

Site for arachidonic acid metabolism within platelets

A

DTS

126
Q

Digest autrophic debris

A

Lysosomes

127
Q

Granule for vasoconstriction

A

Serotonin

128
Q

Platelet structure

A

Peripheral zone
Sol gel zone
Organelles zone
Membranous zone

129
Q

Maintain negative charge surface of the platelets to avoid thrombus formation

A

Glycocalyx

130
Q

Gives bulk to the clot and gives tissue factor

A

PF4

131
Q

Components of plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates

132
Q

Structure that provides phospholipids

A

Submembranous area

133
Q

25nm in size, make up the mitotic spindle fibers

A

Microtubules

134
Q

Migrates to plasma membrane and release their contents directly into plasma on activation

A

Dense core granules

135
Q

Phospholipids located at the inner cytoplasmic layer

A

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidyl serine

136
Q

Dense granule that support aggregation

A

ADP

137
Q

Stains black with osmium

A

Dense core granules

138
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

Plasma membrane

139
Q

Structural support for normally discoid cell

A

Tubulin

140
Q

Contract on activation to encourage expression of alpha granule contents

A

Microtubules

141
Q

Anchors plasma membrane glycoproteins

A

Actin

142
Q

Maintains the platelet structure

A

Microtubules

143
Q

20-30nm in size, and it is platelets membrane surface

A

Glycocalyx

144
Q

Phospholipids that supply arachidonic acid

A

Phosphatidylinositol

145
Q

Provides rigidity to pseudopods

A

Microtubules

146
Q

Structure for attachment

A

Pseudopods

147
Q

Composition of microfilaments

A

Actin

Myosin

148
Q

Causes platelets to contract

A

Actin

149
Q

Dense granule that detected using lumiaggregometry “luciferase luminescence”

A

ATP

150
Q

Contents of alpha granules flow to the?

A

Adjacent microenvironment

152
Q

Phospholipids located at the plasma layer

A

Phosphatidylcholine

Sphingomyelin

153
Q

Thisdisorder stays gray in osmium dye in TEM

A

Gray plasma syndrome

154
Q

Present throughout the cytoplasm

A

Actin

155
Q

Regulates vascular permeability and regulates calcium mobilization in the bone

A

PF4

157
Q

Fuse with SCCS

A

Alpha granules

160
Q

In resting platelet it is globular and amorphous

A

Actin

161
Q

59-80% of the platelets composition

A

Alpha granules

162
Q

Content of this granule participate in adhesion, aggregation and plasma coagulation

A

Alpha granules

163
Q

Contents of alpha granules

A 
Fibrinogen
VWF
Factor V and VIII
PF4
P-selectin or CD62
B-thromboglobulin
PDGF
164
Q

Alpha granule for production of fibrin strand

A

Fibrinogen

165
Q

Control center for platelets activation

A

DTS

166
Q

Alpha granule that aids as an adhesion molecule

A

vWF

167
Q

Labile factors. Easily consumed in circulation. Co factors for other coagulation

A

Factor V and VIII

168
Q

Neutralizes or inhibits heparin

A

PF4

169
Q

Alpha granule for endothelial cell and leukocytes binding

A

P-selectin or CD62

170
Q

Aside from PF4, this granule also neutralizes heparin

A

B-thromboglobulin

171
Q

Bulls eye

A

Dense core granules

172
Q

Components of dense core granules

A

Calcium and magnesium
ADP
Serotonin
ATP

173
Q

Dense granule for activation and coagulation

A

Calcium and magnesium

174
Q

Calcium sequestering.

Positive staining for platelet peroxidase activity

A

DTS

175
Q

Route for endocytosis and secretion of granular contents on activation

A

SCCS

176
Q

Granule that is for repair and growth of damaged cells

A

PDGF

177
Q

Diminished dense granules contents

A

Storage pool disorder

178
Q

An inherited absence of alpha granules

A

Gray plasma syndrome

179
Q

What happen to actin if the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases

A

Actin become filamentous and contractile

180
Q

Digest vessel wall components during in vivo aggregation

A

Lysosomes

181
Q

Derived from rough ER

A

Dense tubular system

182
Q

Indirect communication with the extra cellular environment

A

Surface connected canalicular system

183
Q

Site for arachidonic acid metabolism within platelets

A

DTS

185
Q

Digest autrophic debris

A

Lysosomes

186
Q

Granule for vasoconstriction

A

Serotonin

189
Q

Gives bulk to the clot and gives tissue factor

A

PF4

195
Q

Dense granule that support aggregation

A

ADP

196
Q

Stains black with osmium

A

Dense core granules

202
Q

20-30nm in size, and it is platelets membrane surface

A

Glycocalyx

203
Q

Phospholipids that supply arachidonic acid

A

Phosphatidylinositol

Hematology (7 decks)

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