Megakaryopoiesis, History Flashcards
1
Q
Clonal assays of megakaryocytic progenitor cells begun
A
1970
2
Q
Extraction of platelets
A
Apheresis
3
Q
Process of formation of thrombocyte
A
Megakaryopoiesis
4
Q
Maturation of megakaryocyte in the bone marrow
A
5 days
5
Q
Doubling of DNA without cell division
A
Endomitosis
6
Q
Discovered megakaryocyte
A
Howell
7
Q
Progenitor of megakaryocyte
A
BFU-Meg
CFU-Meg
LD-CFU-Meg
8
Q
Ways to differentiate progenitor
A
Immunologic probes or Flow cytometry
Cytochemical staining
9
Q
Platelets are directly produced from the
A
Megakaryocyte cytoplasm
10
Q
Identification of Megakaryoblast
A
GP Ib/IX/V
GP IV
mpl
11
Q
Described platelets as extremely minute granules in blood
A
Addison
12
Q
Cytochemical staining
A
Platelet peroxidase-ER
Platelet peroxidase-DTS
13
Q
Cytochemical stain for progenitors, and megakaryoblast
A
Platelet peroxidase-ER
14
Q
Blue cytoplasm with blunt projections
A
Megakaryoblast
15
Q
Cytochemical stain for mature platelets
A
Platelet peroxidase-DTS
16
Q
CD42b
A
GP-Ib
17
Q
Megakaryoblast diameter
A
14-18um
18
Q
Endomitosis is complete in what stage
A
Megakaryoblast
19
Q
Fine chromatin
A
Megakaryoblast
20
Q
15-40um in diameter
A
Promegakaryocyte
21
Q
30-50um in diameter
A
Megakaryocyte
22
Q
Criterion for the maturity of the cell
A
Chromatin pattern
23
Q
Chromatin becomes coarse
A
Promegakaryocyte
24
Q
NC ratio of 3:1
A
Megakaryoblast
25
NC ratio of Promegakaryocyte
1:2
26
Largest cell in circulation
Monocyte
27
Chromatin of megakaryocyte is already
Condensed
28
Cytoplasm is eosinophilic and granular
Megakaryocyte
29
Found in myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic disorder
Dwarf or micromegakaryocyte
30
CD 42
GP Ib/IX/V
31
CD36
GP IV
32
Largest cell in bone marrow
Megakaryocyte
33
Cytoplasm is pale blue and may contain pink granules reminiscent of mature platelets
Dwarf/micromegakaryocyte
34
How do platelets are released?
- Demarcation or invagination
- Fragmentation of cytoplasm
- Through micro tubular action proplatelets are formed
35
Pseudopodal extension of megakaryocyte
Proplatelets
36
Induce stem cell proliferation, induce proliferation and platelet released
Thrombopoietin
37
TPO is found in
Liver
Kidney
Smooth muscle
38
For early differentiation of stem cells
Il-3
39
Acts in the presence of TPO to enhance endomitosis, megakaryocyte maturation
IL 6 and 11
40
Neutralizer of heparin
PF4
| Beta-Thromboglobulim
41
Inhibitors of Megakaryocyte growth
```
PF4
b-TG
Neutrophil activating peptide-2
IL-8
FOG
GATA-1
NF-E2
```
42
Newly released platelets
Reticulated platelets
43
Larger than mature platelets
Reticulated platelets
44
Platelet life span
8-11 days
45
Reticulate platelets
Stress platelets
46
6um in diameter
Stress platelets
47
Stress platelets in EDTA
Round
48
Stress platelets in citrate
Cylindrical and beaded
49
Stress platelets caryy
Free ribosomes and fragment of T
| RER
50
Diagnosis of stress platelets and positive results
Flow cytometer
| (+) result - 3k fold increase in fluorescence
51
Structure unique to platelets
Glycocalyx
52
Who also observed platelets adhesive qualities of increased stickiness when a vascular wall is damaged
Addison
53
Labeled antibody directed against GP Ib
Phycoerythrin
54
Nucleic acid dyes that bind RNA of ER
Thiazole orange
55
Anucleated blood cell with a diameter of 2.5um
Platelet
56
Normal value of platelets
150-400k
57
Platelets value at birth and women
Lower at birth
| Higher in women
58
30% of platelets are seen in
Spleen
59
Triggers primary hemostasis
Platelet
60
Compose of tubulin
Microtubules
61
Circulating, resting platelets are what shape
Biconvex
62
Structure unique to platelets
Glycocalyx
63
Adhesive structure, that responds readily to hemostatic requirements
Glycocalyx
64
Platelet in EDTA
Round
65
Compose of tubulin
Microtubules
66
Cytoplasm of platelets are
Stain light blue with azurophilic granules
67
Surrounds the chromomere, non grab
| Nular and clear to light blue
Hyalomere
68
Nucleus has slight lobulation
Promegakaryocyte
69
CD41
GP-Ib/IIIa
70
Immunologic probes
```
PF4
VWF
HLA-DR
GP-Ib
GP-Ib/IIIa
```
71
Stabilizes membrane, maintains fluidity, and helps control transmembranous passage
Cholesterol
72
Flips and where coagulation enzymes assemble
Phosphatidylethanolamine
73
Intensely lobulated
Megakaryocyte
74
Platelet structure
Peripheral zone
Sol gel zone
Organelles zone
Membranous zone
75
Maintain negative charge surface of the platelets to avoid thrombus formation
Glycocalyx
76
Components of plasma membrane
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates
77
Structure that provides phospholipids
Submembranous area
78
25nm in size, make up the mitotic spindle fibers
Microtubules
79
Migrates to plasma membrane and release their contents directly into plasma on activation
Dense core granules
80
Phospholipids located at the inner cytoplasmic layer
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidyl serine
81
Selectively permeable membrane
Plasma membrane
82
Structural support for normally discoid cell
Tubulin
83
Contract on activation to encourage expression of alpha granule contents
Microtubules
84
Anchors plasma membrane glycoproteins
Actin
85
Maintains the platelet structure
Microtubules
86
Provides rigidity to pseudopods
Microtubules
87
Structure for attachment
Pseudopods
88
Composition of microfilaments
Actin
| Myosin
89
Causes platelets to contract
Actin
90
Dense granule that detected using lumiaggregometry "luciferase luminescence"
ATP
91
Contents of alpha granules flow to the?
Adjacent microenvironment
92
Adhesive structure, that responds readily to hemostatic requirements
Glycocalyx
93
Phospholipids located at the plasma layer
Phosphatidylcholine
| Sphingomyelin
94
Thisdisorder stays gray in osmium dye in TEM
Gray plasma syndrome
95
Present throughout the cytoplasm
Actin
96
Regulates vascular permeability and regulates calcium mobilization in the bone
PF4
98
Fuse with SCCS
Alpha granules
99
Stabilizes membrane, maintains fluidity, and helps control transmembranous passage
Cholesterol
100
Flips and where coagulation enzymes assemble
Phosphatidylethanolamine
101
In resting platelet it is globular and amorphous
Actin
102
59-80% of the platelets composition
Alpha granules
103
Content of this granule participate in adhesion, aggregation and plasma coagulation
Alpha granules
104
Contents of alpha granules
```
Fibrinogen
VWF
Factor V and VIII
PF4
P-selectin or CD62
B-thromboglobulin
PDGF
```
105
Alpha granule for production of fibrin strand
Fibrinogen
106
Control center for platelets activation
DTS
107
Alpha granule that aids as an adhesion molecule
vWF
108
Labile factors. Easily consumed in circulation. Co factors for other coagulation
Factor V and VIII
109
Neutralizes or inhibits heparin
PF4
110
Alpha granule for endothelial cell and leukocytes binding
P-selectin or CD62
111
Aside from PF4, this granule also neutralizes heparin
B-thromboglobulin
112
Bulls eye
Dense core granules
113
Components of dense core granules
Calcium and magnesium
ADP
Serotonin
ATP
114
Dense granule for activation and coagulation
Calcium and magnesium
115
Calcium sequestering.
| Positive staining for platelet peroxidase activity
DTS
116
Route for endocytosis and secretion of granular contents on activation
SCCS
117
Granule that is for repair and growth of damaged cells
PDGF
118
Diminished dense granules contents
Storage pool disorder
119
An inherited absence of alpha granules
Gray plasma syndrome
120
What happen to actin if the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases
Actin become filamentous and contractile
121
Digest vessel wall components during in vivo aggregation
Lysosomes
122
Derived from rough ER
Dense tubular system
123
Indirect communication with the extra cellular environment
Surface connected canalicular system
124
Site for arachidonic acid metabolism within platelets
DTS
126
Digest autrophic debris
Lysosomes
127
Granule for vasoconstriction
Serotonin
128
Platelet structure
Peripheral zone
Sol gel zone
Organelles zone
Membranous zone
129
Maintain negative charge surface of the platelets to avoid thrombus formation
Glycocalyx
130
Gives bulk to the clot and gives tissue factor
PF4
131
Components of plasma membrane
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates
132
Structure that provides phospholipids
Submembranous area
133
25nm in size, make up the mitotic spindle fibers
Microtubules
134
Migrates to plasma membrane and release their contents directly into plasma on activation
Dense core granules
135
Phospholipids located at the inner cytoplasmic layer
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidyl serine
136
Dense granule that support aggregation
ADP
137
Stains black with osmium
Dense core granules
138
Selectively permeable membrane
Plasma membrane
139
Structural support for normally discoid cell
Tubulin
140
Contract on activation to encourage expression of alpha granule contents
Microtubules
141
Anchors plasma membrane glycoproteins
Actin
142
Maintains the platelet structure
Microtubules
143
20-30nm in size, and it is platelets membrane surface
Glycocalyx
144
Phospholipids that supply arachidonic acid
Phosphatidylinositol
145
Provides rigidity to pseudopods
Microtubules
146
Structure for attachment
Pseudopods
147
Composition of microfilaments
Actin
| Myosin
148
Causes platelets to contract
Actin
149
Dense granule that detected using lumiaggregometry "luciferase luminescence"
ATP
150
Contents of alpha granules flow to the?
Adjacent microenvironment
152
Phospholipids located at the plasma layer
Phosphatidylcholine
| Sphingomyelin
153
Thisdisorder stays gray in osmium dye in TEM
Gray plasma syndrome
154
Present throughout the cytoplasm
Actin
155
Regulates vascular permeability and regulates calcium mobilization in the bone
PF4
157
Fuse with SCCS
Alpha granules
160
In resting platelet it is globular and amorphous
Actin
161
59-80% of the platelets composition
Alpha granules
162
Content of this granule participate in adhesion, aggregation and plasma coagulation
Alpha granules
163
Contents of alpha granules
```
Fibrinogen
VWF
Factor V and VIII
PF4
P-selectin or CD62
B-thromboglobulin
PDGF
```
164
Alpha granule for production of fibrin strand
Fibrinogen
165
Control center for platelets activation
DTS
166
Alpha granule that aids as an adhesion molecule
vWF
167
Labile factors. Easily consumed in circulation. Co factors for other coagulation
Factor V and VIII
168
Neutralizes or inhibits heparin
PF4
169
Alpha granule for endothelial cell and leukocytes binding
P-selectin or CD62
170
Aside from PF4, this granule also neutralizes heparin
B-thromboglobulin
171
Bulls eye
Dense core granules
172
Components of dense core granules
Calcium and magnesium
ADP
Serotonin
ATP
173
Dense granule for activation and coagulation
Calcium and magnesium
174
Calcium sequestering.
| Positive staining for platelet peroxidase activity
DTS
175
Route for endocytosis and secretion of granular contents on activation
SCCS
176
Granule that is for repair and growth of damaged cells
PDGF
177
Diminished dense granules contents
Storage pool disorder
178
An inherited absence of alpha granules
Gray plasma syndrome
179
What happen to actin if the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases
Actin become filamentous and contractile
180
Digest vessel wall components during in vivo aggregation
Lysosomes
181
Derived from rough ER
Dense tubular system
182
Indirect communication with the extra cellular environment
Surface connected canalicular system
183
Site for arachidonic acid metabolism within platelets
DTS
185
Digest autrophic debris
Lysosomes
186
Granule for vasoconstriction
Serotonin
189
Gives bulk to the clot and gives tissue factor
PF4
195
Dense granule that support aggregation
ADP
196
Stains black with osmium
Dense core granules
202
20-30nm in size, and it is platelets membrane surface
Glycocalyx
203
Phospholipids that supply arachidonic acid
Phosphatidylinositol
