PRELIM 05 - Introduction to ANS Pharmacology

Question 1

Also known as nerve cells; they possess electrical excitability

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Refers to the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential

Answer 2

Excitability

Question 3

Refers to any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential

Answer 3

Stimulus

Question 4

Refers to an electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the neuron membrane

Answer 4

Action potential/Nerve impulse

Question 5

3 parts of a neuron (SAD)

Answer 5

Soma, Axon, Dendrites

Question 6

Refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS; associated with cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Answer 6

Ganglion

Question 7

Refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Refers to a bundle of axons in the PNS

Answer 8

Nerve

Question 9

Nerves that connect the brain to the PNS

Answer 9

Cranial nerves

Question 10

Nerves that connect the spinal cord to the PNS

Answer 10

Spinal nerves

Question 11

Refers to a bundle of axons in the CNS; they interconnect neurons in the CNS

Answer 11

Tract

Question 12

Composed of the brain and spinal cord; used for integrative function and a source of thoughts, emotions, and memories (Main divisions of the nervous system)

Answer 12

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 13

Composed of all nervous tissue outside the CNS (Main divisions of the nervous system)

Answer 13

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 14

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves from the brain

Answer 14

12

Question 15

There are __________ pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal cord

Answer 15

31

Question 16

2 divisions of the PNS (SM)

Answer 16

Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent)

Question 17

Conveys input from sensory receptors to the CNS (Divisions of the PNS)

Answer 17

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 18

2 divisions of the sensory (afferent) division (SS)

Answer 18

Somatic senses, Special senses

Question 19

Conveys output from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands) (Divisions of the PNS)

Answer 19

Motor (efferent) division

Question 20

2 divisions of motor (efferent) division (SA)

Answer 20

Somatic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system

Question 21

Conveys output from the CNS to the skeletal muscles; is voluntary (Divisions of motor division)

Answer 21

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 22

Conveys output from the CNS to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; is involuntary (Divisions of motor division)

Answer 22

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 23

Responsible for fight-or-flight responses (Divisions of the ANS)

Answer 23

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) / Thoracolumbar nervous system (TNS)

Question 24

Responsible for rest-and-digest activities (Divisions of the ANS)

Answer 24

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) / Craniosacral nervous system (CNS)

Question 25

Regulate the activity of the smooth muscle and glands of the GI tract (Divisions of the ANS)

Answer 25

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 26

__________ neuron is a neuron with a small diameter and has myelinated fibers

Answer 26

Preganglionic

Question 27

__________ neuron is a neuron with a small diameter and has unmyelinated fibers

Answer 27

Postganglionic

Question 28

Ganglia that lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx

Answer 28

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

Question 29

Ganglia that lie anterior to the vertebral column close of large abdominal arteries

Answer 29

Prevertebral ganglia

Question 30

All preganglionic fibers are __________

Answer 30

Cholinergic

Question 31

All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are __________

Answer 31

Cholinergic

Question 32

Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers are __________

Answer 32

Adrenergic

Question 33

Some sympathetic postganglionic fibers, like those in the sweat glands, are __________

Answer 33

Cholinergic

Question 34

All preganglionic receptors are __________

Answer 34

Nicotinic

Question 35

In the SNS, preganglionic fibers are __________ than postganglionic fibers

Answer 35

Shorter

Question 36

In the PNS, the preganglionic fibers are __________ than postganglionic fibers

Answer 36

Longer

Question 37

A region where communication occurs between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell

Answer 37

Synapse

Question 38

A nerve cell that carries a nerve impulse toward a synapse

Answer 38

Presynaptic neuron

Question 39

A cell that receives a signal; composed of the postsynaptic neuron and effector cell

Answer 39

Postsynaptic cell

Question 40

Action potentials conduct directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons through structures called __________, which contain connexons

Answer 40

Gap junctions

Question 41

__________ is a synapse that is common in visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the developing embryo, and brain

Answer 41

Electrical synapse

Question 42

Cleft that separates the presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells; is filled with interstitial fluid

Answer 42

Synaptic cleft

Question 43

Chemical synapses have a synaptic delay of about __________ msec

Answer 43

0.5

Question 44

Proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles and plasma membrane

Answer 44

SNARE proteins

Question 45

2 types of snare proteins

Answer 45

v-SNARE, t-SNARE

Question 46

Found in the vesicles (Types of SNARE proteins)

Answer 46

v-SNARE

Question 47

2 types of v-SNARE proteins (SS)

Answer 47

Synaptotagmin, Synaptobrevin

Question 48

A type of v-SNARE that binds Ca2+ that triggers the interaction of v-SNARE and t-SNARE proteins, resulting in fusion and exocytosis

Answer 48

Synaptotagmin

Question 49

Found in the target plasma membrane (Types of SNARE proteins)

Answer 49

t-SNARE

Question 50

2 types of t-SNARE proteins (SS)

Answer 50

Syntaxin, SNAP-25

Question 51

2 types of cholinoreceptors (NM)

Answer 51

Nicotinic, Muscarinic

Question 52

______________ refers to a catechol group with an ethylamine side chain

Answer 52

Catecholamines

Question 53

4 examples of catecholamines (CNED)

Answer 53

Catechol, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

Question 54

2 types of adrenoreceptors

Answer 54

α receptors, β receptors