PRELIM 05 - Introduction to ANS Pharmacology Flashcards
Also known as nerve cells; they possess electrical excitability
Neurons
Refers to the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential
Excitability
Refers to any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential
Stimulus
Refers to an electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the neuron membrane
Action potential/Nerve impulse
3 parts of a neuron (SAD)
Soma, Axon, Dendrites
Refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS; associated with cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Ganglion
Refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Refers to a bundle of axons in the PNS
Nerve
Nerves that connect the brain to the PNS
Cranial nerves
Nerves that connect the spinal cord to the PNS
Spinal nerves
Refers to a bundle of axons in the CNS; they interconnect neurons in the CNS
Tract
Composed of the brain and spinal cord; used for integrative function and a source of thoughts, emotions, and memories (Main divisions of the nervous system)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Composed of all nervous tissue outside the CNS (Main divisions of the nervous system)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves from the brain
12
There are __________ pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal cord
31
2 divisions of the PNS (SM)
Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent)
Conveys input from sensory receptors to the CNS (Divisions of the PNS)
Sensory (afferent) division
2 divisions of the sensory (afferent) division (SS)
Somatic senses, Special senses
Conveys output from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands) (Divisions of the PNS)
Motor (efferent) division
2 divisions of motor (efferent) division (SA)
Somatic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system
Conveys output from the CNS to the skeletal muscles; is voluntary (Divisions of motor division)
Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Conveys output from the CNS to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; is involuntary (Divisions of motor division)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Responsible for fight-or-flight responses (Divisions of the ANS)
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) / Thoracolumbar nervous system (TNS)
Responsible for rest-and-digest activities (Divisions of the ANS)
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) / Craniosacral nervous system (CNS)
Regulate the activity of the smooth muscle and glands of the GI tract (Divisions of the ANS)
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
__________ neuron is a neuron with a small diameter and has myelinated fibers
Preganglionic
__________ neuron is a neuron with a small diameter and has unmyelinated fibers
Postganglionic
Ganglia that lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Ganglia that lie anterior to the vertebral column close of large abdominal arteries
Prevertebral ganglia
All preganglionic fibers are __________
Cholinergic
All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are __________
Cholinergic
Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers are __________
Adrenergic
Some sympathetic postganglionic fibers, like those in the sweat glands, are __________
Cholinergic
All preganglionic receptors are __________
Nicotinic
In the SNS, preganglionic fibers are __________ than postganglionic fibers
Shorter
In the PNS, the preganglionic fibers are __________ than postganglionic fibers
Longer
A region where communication occurs between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell
Synapse
A nerve cell that carries a nerve impulse toward a synapse
Presynaptic neuron
A cell that receives a signal; composed of the postsynaptic neuron and effector cell
Postsynaptic cell
Action potentials conduct directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons through structures called __________, which contain connexons
Gap junctions
__________ is a synapse that is common in visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the developing embryo, and brain
Electrical synapse
Cleft that separates the presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells; is filled with interstitial fluid
Synaptic cleft
Chemical synapses have a synaptic delay of about __________ msec
0.5
Proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles and plasma membrane
SNARE proteins
2 types of snare proteins
v-SNARE, t-SNARE
Found in the vesicles (Types of SNARE proteins)
v-SNARE
2 types of v-SNARE proteins (SS)
Synaptotagmin, Synaptobrevin
A type of v-SNARE that binds Ca2+ that triggers the interaction of v-SNARE and t-SNARE proteins, resulting in fusion and exocytosis
Synaptotagmin
Found in the target plasma membrane (Types of SNARE proteins)
t-SNARE
2 types of t-SNARE proteins (SS)
Syntaxin, SNAP-25
2 types of cholinoreceptors (NM)
Nicotinic, Muscarinic
______________ refers to a catechol group with an ethylamine side chain
Catecholamines
4 examples of catecholamines (CNED)
Catechol, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine
2 types of adrenoreceptors
α receptors, β receptors