FINAL 01 - Autacoids

Question 1

Derived from the Greek word autos (self) and akos (medicinal agent or remedy)

Answer 1

Autacoids

Question 2

Are heterogenous substances with widely differing structures and pharmacologic activities

Answer 2

Autacoids

Question 3

Are formed by the tissues on which they act, and therefore function as local hormones

Answer 3

Autacoids

Question 4

Are oxygenation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Types of autacoids)

Answer 4

Eicosanoids

Question 5

Constitute a very large family of compounds that are highly potent and display a wide spectrum of biologic activity (Types of autacoids)

Answer 5

Eicosanoids

Question 6

Are products of cyclooxygenases (COX)/prostaglandin/endoperoxide synthases (Types of autacoids)

Answer 6

Prostanoids

Question 7

Includes prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes (Types of autacoids)

Answer 7

Prostanoids

Question 8

Constitutive (Types of COX)

Answer 8

COX-1

Question 9

Inducible (Types of COX)

Answer 9

COX-2

Question 10

“Housekeeping” (Types of COX)

Answer 10

COX-1

Question 11

Involved in inflammation and cancer (Types of COX)

Answer 11

COX-2

Question 12

Prostaglandins differ in the substituents of the pentane ring (indicated by the ___________)

Answer 12

Last letter

Question 13

Prostaglandins differ in the number of double bonds in the side chains (indicated by the ____________)

Answer 13

Subscript

Question 14

PGE2 and PGI2 are involved in cardiovascular ___________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 14

Vasodilation

Question 15

PGF2a and TXA2 are involved in cardiovascular ___________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 15

Vasoconstriction

Question 16

PGE2 and PGF2a are involved in GI longitudinal muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 16

Contraction

Question 17

PGF2a and PGI2 are involved in GI circular muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 17

Contraction

Question 18

PGE2 is involved in GI circular muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 18

Relaxation

Question 19

PGE2 and PGI2 __________ mucus (cytoprotective) and __________ acid and pepsin (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 19

Increases, Decreases

Question 20

PGE2 and PGI2 is involved in respiratory smooth muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 20

Relaxation

Question 21

PGD2, TXA2, and PGF2a are involved in respiratory smooth muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 21

Contraction

Question 22

TXA2 and PGE2 __________ platelet aggregation in low concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 22

Enhances

Question 23

PGE2, PGD2, and PGI2 __________ platelet aggregation in high concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 23

Inhibits

Question 24

PGE2 and PGI2 are involved in intrarenal __________ and stimulation of renin release (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 24

Vasodilation

Question 25

TXA2 is involved in intrarenal __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 25

Vasoconstriction

Question 26

PGF2a, TXA2, and PGE2 are involved in uterine muscle __________ in low concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 26

Contraction

Question 27

PGI2 and PGE2 are involved in uterine muscle __________ in high concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 27

Relaxation

Question 28

PGE2, PGF2a, and PGI2 causes __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 28

Fever

Question 29

PGE2 and PGI2 is involved in __________ formation and leukocyte infiltration (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 29

Edema

Question 30

TXA2 is involved in ___________ interaction (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 30

Platelet-leukocyte

Question 31

PGD2 is involved in __________ and __________ chemoattraction (Effects of prostaglandins) (ET)

Answer 31

Eosinophil, TH2

Question 32

PGE2 is involved in __________ resorption and formation (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 32

Bone

Question 33

PGE and PGF decreases __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

Answer 33

IOP

Question 34

Used for maintenance of patient ductus arteriosus in neonates awaiting cardiac surgery and treatment for impotence (Prostaglandin analogs)

Answer 34

Alprostadil (PGE1)

Question 35

Used for prevention of peptic ulcer and also used for abortion in combination with mifepristone (Prostaglandin analogs)

Answer 35

Misoprostol (PGE1)

Question 36

Used for treatment of open-angle glaucoma (Prostaglandin analogs)

Answer 36

Latanoprost (PGF2a)

Question 37

Used for treatment of pulmonary hypertension and portopulmonary hypertension (Prostaglandin analogs)

Answer 37

Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin/PGI2)

Question 38

Products of lipooxygenase (LOX); produced in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, etc. (Types of autacoids)

Answer 38

Leukotrienes

Question 39

Blocks LTD4 receptors; used for mild to moderate asthma (Leukotrine antagonists) (MZ)

Answer 39

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

Question 40

A hydrophilic molecule consisting of an imidazole ring and an amino group connected by two methylene groups (Types of autacoids)

Answer 40

Histamine

Question 41

Primarily stored in mast cells and basophils (Types of autacoids)

Answer 41

Histamine