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Prejudice & Discrimination Flashcards

Problem 3

1
Q

stereotype

A

belief about a certain group

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2
Q

prejudice

A

unfavorable attitude towards a social group and its members

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3
Q

dehumanization

A

stripping people of their dignity and humanity

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4
Q

genocide

A

ultimate expression of prejudice by exterminating an entire social group

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5
Q

conformity bias

A

minorities always conform to majorities for informational reasons

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6
Q

minority influence

A

numerical, power minorities change the attitudes of the majority

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7
Q

three-component attitude model

A

PREJUDICED ATTITUDES
attitude consists of cognitive, affective and behavioral components; thought, feeling and action as basic to human experience

  1. cognitive: beliefs about a group
  2. affective: strong feelings (usually negative) about a group & its believed qualities
  3. conative: intensions to behave in certain ways towards a group; not the action itself
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8
Q

glass ceiling

A

TARGETS OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

invisible barrier that prevents women, and minorities, from attaining top leadership positions

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9
Q

glass cliff

A

TARGETS OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
tendency for women rather than men to be appointed to precarious leadership positions associated with a high probability of failure and criticism

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10
Q

racism

A

TARGETS OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

prejudice and discrimination against people based on their ethnicity or race

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11
Q

sexism

A

TARGETS OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

prejudice and discrimination against people based on their gender

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12
Q

ageism

A

TARGETS OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

prejudice and discrimination against people based on their age

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13
Q

reluctance to help

A

FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION

not helping different groups to improve on their position in society

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14
Q

tokenism

A

FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION

publicly making small concessions to a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination

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15
Q

reverse discrimination

A

FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
publicly being prejudiced in favor of a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination against that group

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16
Q

stigma

A

EFFECTS OF PREJUDICE

group attributes that mediate a negative social evaluation of people belonging to the group

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17
Q

stereotype threat

A

EFFECTS OF PREJUDICE
feeling that we will be judged, treated in terms of negative stereotypes of our group & that we will accidentally confirm these stereotypes through our behavior

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18
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

EFFECTS OF PREJUDICE
expectations, assumptions about a person that influence our interaction with that person & change their behavior in line with our expectations

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19
Q

mere exposure effect

A

repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object

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20
Q

frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

all frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression comes from frustration

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21
Q

scapegoat

A

individual/group that becomes the target for anger and frustration caused by a different individual/group or some other set of circumstances

22
Q

displacement

A

transfer of negative feelings on to an individual or group other than that which originally caused the negative feelings

23
Q

relative deprivation

A

sense of having less than we feel entitled to

24
Q

Egoistic relative deprivation

A

relative to our aspirations or to other individuals

25
fraternalistic relative deprivation
sense that our group has less than it is entitled to, relative to its aspirations or to other groups
26
collective behavior
behavior of people en masse, in a crowd, protest, riot
27
authoritarian personality
personality syndrome originating in childhood that predisposes individuals to be prejudiced --> learned behavior
28
ethnocentrism
evaluative preference for all aspects of our own group relative to other groups
29
dogmatism
cognitive style that is rigid, intolerant & predisposes people to be prejudiced
30
social dominance theory
attributes prejudice to an individual's acceptance of an ideology that legitimizes in-group serving hierarchy, domination & rejects egalitarian ideologies
31
system justification theory
attributes social stasis to people's adherence to an ideology that justifies and protects the status quo
32
belief congruence theory
similar beliefs promote liking, social harmony among people while dissimilar beliefs produce dislike, prejudice
33
realistic conflict theory
``` INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR (Sherif) explains intergroup behavior in terms of the nature of goal relations between groups ```
34
prisoner's dilemma
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | parties are torn between competition and cooperation; depending on mutual choices, both can win or both can lose
35
commons dilemma
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | social dilemma: cooperation by all benefits all, but competition by all harms all
36
in-group favoritism
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | behavior that favors one's own group over other groups
37
intergroup differentiation
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | behavior that emphasizes differences between our own group and other groups
38
social mobility belief system
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR intergroup boundaries are permeable; possible for someone to pass from lower-status into higher-status group to improve social identity
39
social change belief system
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR intergroup boundaries are impermeable; improve social identity only by challenging the legitimacy of the higher-status group's position
40
social competition
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR group-based behavioral strategies improve social identity by directly confronting the dominant group's position in society
41
accentuation effect
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | overestimation of similarities among people within a category, dissimilarities between people from different categories
42
relative homogeneity effect
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | tendency to see out-group members as all the same, in-group members as more differentiated
43
optimal distinctiveness
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR people strive to achieve a balance between conflicting motives for inclusiveness & separateness, expressed in groups as a balance between intragroup differentiation and intragroup homogenization
44
intergroup emotions theory
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR in group contexts, appraisals of personal harm/benefit in a situation operate at the level of social identity, produce mainly positive in-group and negative out-group emotions
45
weapons effect
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | presence of weapon increases probability that used aggressively
46
contact hypothesis
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR bringing members of opposing social groups together will improve intergroup relations, reduce prejudice & discrimination
47
extended contact
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR knowing about an in-group member who shares a close relationship with an out-group member can improve one's own attitudes towards the out-group
48
bargaining
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | intergroup conflict resolution where representatives reach agreement through direct negotiation
49
arbitration
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | intergroup conflict resolution in which a neutral third party is invited to impose a mutually binding settlement
50
conciliation
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR | groups make cooperative gestures to one another in the hope of avoiding an escalation of conflict

Social Behavior (9 decks)

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