Agression

Question 1

aggression

Answer 1

physical or verbal behavior to harm

Question 2

direct aggression

Answer 2

physical, active

Question 3

indirect aggression

Answer 3

cyberbullying, verbally, passive

Question 4

hostile aggression

Answer 4

direct, I don’t like person –> punch him

Question 5

relational aggression

Answer 5

intend to harm a relationship

Question 6

institutional aggression

Answer 6

prison, army

Question 7

instrumental aggression

Answer 7

aggression in order to achieve a goal

Question 8

nature-nurture controversy

Answer 8

debate about whether genetic or environmental factors determine human behavior

Question 9

instinct

Answer 9

innate drive or impulse, genetically transmitted; 40% genes, 60% environment

Question 10

hormones

Answer 10

Explanation

high testosterone, low cortisol

Question 11

fighting instinct

Answer 11

innate impulse to aggress which ethologists claim is shared by humans with other animals

Question 12

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 12

aggression comes from frustration

Question 13

excitation-transfer model

Answer 13

expression of aggression is a function of learnt behavior some excitation from another source, and the person’s interpretation of the arousal state

Question 14

learning by direct experience

Answer 14

acquiring a behavior because we were rewarded for it

Question 15

learning by vicarious experience

Answer 15

acquiring a behavior after observing that another person was rewarded for it

Question 16

type A personality

Answer 16

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS
“coronary-prone” personality: a behavioral correlate of heart disease characterized by striving to achieve, time urgency, competitiveness and hostility

Question 17

sociocultural theory

Answer 17

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS

sex differences in behavior are determined by evolutionary history rather than society

Question 18

sexual selection theory

Answer 18

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS
psychological gender differences are determined by individuals’ adaptions to restrictions based on their gender in their society; also social role theory

Question 19

catharsis

Answer 19

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS
dramatic release of pent-up feelings: the idea that aggressive motivation is “drained” by acting against a frustrating object (or substitute), by a vicarious experience

Question 20

cathartic hypothesis

Answer 20

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS

the notion that acting aggressively, or even just viewing aggressive material, reduces feelings of anger and aggression

Question 21

disinhibition

Answer 21

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS
breakdown in the learnt controls (social mores) against behaving impulsively or aggressively; for some people, alcohol has a disinhibiting effect

Question 22

dehumanization

Answer 22

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS

stripping people of their dignity and humanity

Question 23

collective aggression

Answer 23

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS

unified aggression by a group of individuals, who may not even know one another, against another individual or group

Question 24

weapons effect

Answer 24

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS

mere presence of weapon increases aggressive use of it

Question 25

environmental factors

Answer 25

heat, crowding, blood pressure

Question 26

genreal aggression model

Answer 26

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS (Anderson) includes personal and situational factors' and cognitive and affective processes in accounting for different kinds of aggression

Question 27

desensitization

Answer 27

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS serious reduction in a person's responsiveness to material that usually evokes a strong emotional reaction, such as violence or sexuality (mass media)

Question 28

neo-associationist analysis

Answer 28

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS view of aggression according to which mass media may provide images of violence to an audience that later translate into antisocial acts

Question 29

abuse syndrome

Answer 29

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS | factors of proximity, stress and power --> cycle of abuse in families

Question 30

institutionalized aggression

Answer 30

PERSONAL & SITUATIONAL VARIATIONS | aggression given formal/informal recognition & social legitimacy by being incorporated into rules and norms