Affiliation & Love Flashcards
Problem 8
evolutionary social psychology
EVOLUTION & ATTRACTION
views complex social behavior as adaptive, helping the individual, kin and the species as a whole to survive
reproductive fitness
EVOLUTION & ATTRACTION
looking for good genes
averageness effect
EVOLUTION & ATTRACTION
humans have evolved to prefer average faces to those with unusual or distinctive features
instinct
EVOLUTION & ATTRACTION
humans are innately motivated to gather together and to be part of a group
What increases liking?
proximity familiarity mere exposure effect similarity of attitudes assortative mating self-disclosure Big Five
reinforcement-affect model
ATTRACTION & REWARD
model of attraction which postulates that we like people who are around when we experience a positive feeling
automatic activation
ATTRACTION & REWARD
attitudes that have a strong evaluative link to situational cues are more likely to automatically come to mind from memory
social exchange
ATTRACTION & REWARD
people often use a form of everyday economics when they weigh up costs and rewards before deciding what to do
cost-reward ratio
ATTRACTION & REWARD
tenet of social exchange theory accroding to which liking for another is determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by that person
minimax strategy
ATTRACTION & REWARD
we try to minimize the costs and maximize the rewards that accrue
comparison level
ATTRACTION & REWARD
standard that develops over time, allowing us to judge whether a new relationship is profitable or not
equity theory
ATTRACTION & REWARD
special case of social exchange theory that defines a relationship as equitable when the ratio of inputs to outcomes are seen to be the same by both partners
need to affiliate
ATTACHMENT
urge to form connections and make contact with other people
hospitalism
ATTACHMENT
state of apathy and depression noted among institutionalized infants deprived of close contact with a caregiver
attachment behavior
ATTACHMENT
tendency of an infant to maintain close physical proximity with the mother or primary caregiver
emotion-in-relationships model
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
close relationships provide a context that elicits strong emotions due to the increased probability of behavior interrupting interpersonal expectations
love
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
combination of emotions, thoughts and actions which are often powerful, and usually associated with intimate relationships; triggers emotions such as sadness, anger, fear and happiness
passionate love
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
state of intense absorption in another person involving physiological arousal
companionate love
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
caring and affection for another person that usually arises from sharing time together
three-factor theory of love
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
Hatfield and Walster distinguished three components of what we label love: a cultural concept of love, an appropriate person to love and emotional arousal
consummate love
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
Sternberg argues that this is the ultimate form of love, involving passion, intimacy and commitment
social support network
WORK/DON’T WORK
people who know and care about us and who can provide back-up during a time of stress
factors that contribute to an ongoing relationship
WORK/DON’T WORK
- personal dedication: positive attraction to a particular partner and relationship
- moral commitment: a sense of obligation, religious duty or social responsibility, controlled by a person’s values and moral principles
- constraint commitment: factors that make it costly to leave a relationship, such as lack of attractive alternatives, and various social, financial or legal investments in the relationship
commitment
WORK/DON’T WORK
desire or intention to continue an interpersonal relationship
