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Preventative Medicine > Pregnancy & First Year of Life > Flashcards

Pregnancy & First Year of Life Flashcards

1
Q

when does the development of organs, limbs buds, and facial features develop?

A

1st trimester

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2
Q

in which trimester are embryos extremely vulnerable to teratogens?

A

1st trimester

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3
Q

continued growth of organ systems and growth to over a foot long

A

2nd trimester

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4
Q

fetus gains 3/4 of weight, extensive brain growth, and fully mature lungs

A

3rd trimester

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5
Q

what is a low-birth weight?

A

less than 5.5 pounds

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6
Q

what are 4 risks associated with low-birth weight?

A

infection
learning disabilities
impaired physical development
risk of death in 1st year

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7
Q

what are considered pre-term babies?

A

before 38 weeks

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8
Q

what 3 things do pregnant women have to pay attention in regards to their intake?

A

macronutrients
micronutrients
fluids

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9
Q

an additional ___ kcal/day may be required in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters

A

300

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10
Q

how many proteins and carbs are needed in pregnancy?

A

protein: 60 g/day
carbs: 130 g/day

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11
Q

what macronutrient intake should not change during pregnancy?

A

fats

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12
Q

what 10 macronutrients are most critical during pregnancy?

A

vit A/B12/C/D
folate
calcium
iron
zinc
sodium
iodine

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13
Q

what is the need of fluids during pregnancy?

A

3 liters/day

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14
Q

why are nutritional needs of pregnant adolescents higher than adult women?

A

pregnant adolescents are more likely to have pre-term and low-birth weight babies

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15
Q

what must a complete vegetarian (vegan) carefully watch their intake of? (6)

A

Vit B6
Vit B12
Vit D
calcium
iron
zinc

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16
Q

why is dieting to lose weight not advisable during pregnancy?

A

calorie restriction limits nutrition availability for mother and fetus

17
Q

what is an okay amount of caffeine to drink per day while pregnant?

A

1-2 cups/day

18
Q

what increases the risk of miscarriage and low-birth weight in regards to caffeine?

A

more than 2 cups/day

19
Q

why is optimal nutrition critical in the first year? (3)

A

baby’s organs/nervous system develop
grow 10 inches in length
triple their weight in 1st year

20
Q

why are infant’s nutritional needs unique? (3)

A

must support rapid growth
GI and kidneys still immature
small in size

21
Q

how long does the WHO recommend breast feeding?

A

first 2 years

22
Q

when should breast milk and formula be supplemented with solid food?

A

4-6 months of age

23
Q

what can result in reduced mental capacity, behavioral problems, and impaired growth in infants?

A

lead poisoning

Preventative Medicine (22 decks)

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