Bone Health

Question 1

what is 65% of bone tissue and provides the hardness of the bone?

Answer 1

minerals

Question 2

what is 35% of bone tissue and provides strength, durability, and flexibility?

Answer 2

organic substances

Question 3

fibrous protein in bone tissue

Answer 3

collagen

Question 4

very dense bone tissue that makes up 80% of the skeleton

Answer 4

cortical bone (compact bone)

Question 5

scaffolding on the inside of the bones that supports cortical bone and makes up 20% of the skeleton

Answer 5

trabecular bone (spongy bone)

Question 6

when is bone growth completed in girls and boys?

Answer 6

14 in girls
17 in boys

Question 7

when is bone modeling/shaping completed?

Answer 7

early adulthood

Question 8

recycling of bone that occurs in adulthood

Answer 8

bone remodeling

Question 9

when the surface of bones is broken down

Answer 9

resorption

Question 10

cells that erode the surface of bones

Answer 10

osteoclasts

Question 11

what cells form new bone and produce the collagen-containing component of bone?

Answer 11

osteoblasts

Question 12

when is peak bone density reached?

Answer 12

before 30 yo

Question 13

when does bone density begin to decrease?

Answer 13

after age 40

Question 14

what is the most abundant major mineral in the body?

Answer 14

calcium

Question 15

where is 99% of calcium stored?

Answer 15

in bones

Question 16

sources of calcium? (4)

Answer 16

skim milk
low-fat cheese
nonfat yogurt
leafy greens

Question 17

can be synthesized by the body by exposure to UV light from the sun and has “hormone-like” activity since it is synthesized in one location and acts in another location

Answer 17

vitamin D

Question 18

where is excess vitamin D stored? (2)

Answer 18

liver
fat tissue

Question 19

what is the best dietary source of vitamin D?

Answer 19

fortified dairy foods

Question 20

where is vitamin K stored?

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

plant form of vit K

Answer 21

phylloquinone

Question 22

form of vit K produced by bacteria in the large intestines

Answer 22

menaquinone

Question 23

what are the 2 functions of vit K?

Answer 23

blood coagulation
bone metabolism

Question 24

what are 2 dietary sources of vit K? (2)

Answer 24

leafy greens
vegetable oils

Question 25

the primary intracellular negatively charged electrolyte

Answer 25

phosphorus

Question 26

critical to mineral composition of bone, required for proper fluid balance, and is a component of ATP, DNA, and membranes

Answer 26

phosphorus

Question 27

what % of phosphorus is found in bones?

Answer 27

85%

Question 28

what % of magnesium is found in bones?

Answer 28

50-60%

Question 29

required for production of ATP, DNA, and proteins, needed for muscle contraction/blood clotting, supports vit D metabolism and action, and is a component of the mineral crystals found in structure

Answer 29

magnesium

Question 30

what are 3 dietary sources of magnesium?

Answer 30

leafy greens
seafood
beans

Question 31

low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, fragile bones/bone fractures, compaction of bone/decreased height, and shortening/hunching of the spine

Answer 31

osteoporosis