Bone Health Flashcards
what is 65% of bone tissue and provides the hardness of the bone?
minerals
what is 35% of bone tissue and provides strength, durability, and flexibility?
organic substances
fibrous protein in bone tissue
collagen
very dense bone tissue that makes up 80% of the skeleton
cortical bone (compact bone)
scaffolding on the inside of the bones that supports cortical bone and makes up 20% of the skeleton
trabecular bone (spongy bone)
when is bone growth completed in girls and boys?
14 in girls
17 in boys
when is bone modeling/shaping completed?
early adulthood
recycling of bone that occurs in adulthood
bone remodeling
when the surface of bones is broken down
resorption
cells that erode the surface of bones
osteoclasts
what cells form new bone and produce the collagen-containing component of bone?
osteoblasts
when is peak bone density reached?
before 30 yo
when does bone density begin to decrease?
after age 40
what is the most abundant major mineral in the body?
calcium
where is 99% of calcium stored?
in bones
sources of calcium? (4)
skim milk
low-fat cheese
nonfat yogurt
leafy greens
can be synthesized by the body by exposure to UV light from the sun and has “hormone-like” activity since it is synthesized in one location and acts in another location
vitamin D
where is excess vitamin D stored? (2)
liver
fat tissue
what is the best dietary source of vitamin D?
fortified dairy foods
where is vitamin K stored?
liver
plant form of vit K
phylloquinone
form of vit K produced by bacteria in the large intestines
menaquinone
what are the 2 functions of vit K?
blood coagulation
bone metabolism
what are 2 dietary sources of vit K? (2)
leafy greens
vegetable oils
the primary intracellular negatively charged electrolyte
phosphorus
critical to mineral composition of bone, required for proper fluid balance, and is a component of ATP, DNA, and membranes
phosphorus
what % of phosphorus is found in bones?
85%
what % of magnesium is found in bones?
50-60%
required for production of ATP, DNA, and proteins, needed for muscle contraction/blood clotting, supports vit D metabolism and action, and is a component of the mineral crystals found in structure
magnesium
what are 3 dietary sources of magnesium?
leafy greens
seafood
beans
low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, fragile bones/bone fractures, compaction of bone/decreased height, and shortening/hunching of the spine
osteoporosis
