Alcohol Abuse Flashcards
ethanol is fully _____ soluble and somewhat ____ soluble
water
lipid
why is ethanol quickly absorbed?
it does not require digestion
how does ethanol cross membranes?
by diffusion
where is most ethanol absorbed?
stomach
where is the rest of ethanol absorbed?
upper small intestine
what happens to most ethanol during metabolism?
95% oxidized to acetaldehyde by liver
what is the product of ethanol that is associated with alcohol-induced liver disease?
fatty acids
what can lead to fatty deposits in the liver? (3)
increased synthesis of fatty acids
increased synthesis of alpha glycerol phosphate
increased formation of triglycerides
what is the early stage of liver degeneration known as?
fatty liver
what is responsible for metabolizing ethanol?
Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing System (MEOS)
what alters the rate of drug clearance which increases the chances for over or underdosing?
disruption of the liver’s ability to metabolize certain drugs
moderate alcohol consumption intake may stimulate _____ and contribute to the development of _____
appetite
obesity
chronic alcohol abuse is a major cause of _____
malnutrition
severity of _____ increases with the degree of alcohol abuse, resulting in malnutrition
anorexia
what are 2 abnormalities observed in mucosal cells due to alcohol abuse?
decreased production of mucosal enzymes
impaired transport of nutrients into the cells
impaired digestion and absorption of energy nutrients due to alcohol abuse can result in malabsorption of _____ and _____
vitamins
minerals
what 6 vitamins and minerals can be mal-absorbed due to alcohol abuse?
folate
B12
thiamin
Ca
Mg
vit ADEK
severe form of thiamin deficiency characterized by visual disorders, confusion, ataxia, and coma.
wernicke’s encephalopathy
what is the treatment for wernicke’s encephalopathy? (3)
alcohol withdrawal
thiamin (B1)
nutrition
chronic degenerative neurological condition arising from wernicke’s encephalopathy that is characterized by very poor short term memory or recollection
Korsakoff’s psychosis
degeneration of peripheral nerve function d/t combined deficiency of thiamin and vit B6
peripheral neuropathy
neurological condition resulting from chronic niacin deficiency; diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia
pellagra psychosis
what are the 3 forms in which alcoholic liver disease occurs?
fatty liver (steatosis)
alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis
a patient presents with malaise, anorexia, vomiting, weakness, and enlarged/tender liver. Dx?
fatty liver (steatosis)
in severe cases of fatty liver (steatosis), patients may show evidence of: (3)
portal hypertension
fluid retention
bleeding varices
what is the management for fatty liver (steatosis)?
bed rest
alcohol withdrawal
proper nutrition
a patient presents with fatigue, weakness, fever, and hepatomegaly. Dx?
hepatitis d/t ETOH
hepatitis d/t ETOH can progress to ______ _____ _____ and _____ _____
chronic liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
end stage of liver disease that results in hepatocyte destruction
cirrhosis
destruction of hepatocytes resulting from the chronic abuse of alcohol
alcoholic cirrhosis
cirrhosis results in _____ and formation of hepatocyte _____ within the liver
fibrosis
nodules
10% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis will develop _____
hepatoma
there is a significant link between alcohol consumption and _____ cancer
pancreatic
the risk of cancer d/t alcohol consumption is dependent on what?
dose
5 or more drinks on an occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on an occasion for women
binge drinking
drinking 15 or more drinks per week for men or 8 or more drinks per week for women
heavy drinking
which age group binge drinks the most?
25-34 yo
which age group binge drinks the 2nd highest?
18-24 yo
which age group binge drinks the 3nd highest?
35-44 yo
what is considered a “drink” of beer?
12 ounces of 5% ABV
what is considered a “drink” of malt liquor?
8 ounces of 7% ABV
what is considered a “drink” of wine?
5 ounces of 12% ABV
what is considered a “drink” of distilled spirits or liquor (gin, rum, vodka, whiskey)?
1.5 ounces of 40% ABV
