Fluid Electrolyte Balance Flashcards

1
Q

what % of a healthy adult’s body is composed of fluids?

A

50-70%

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2
Q

body fluid composition of tissue varies by what 3 factors?

A

tissue type
gender
age

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3
Q

what is body fluid composed of?

A

water
electrolytes

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4
Q

name the 2 positively charged electrolytes

A

Na
K

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5
Q

name the 2 negatively charged electrolytes

A

Cl
P (phosphorus)

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6
Q

what are the 3 functions of fluids?

A

account for blood volume
maintain body temp
protect/lubricate body tissues

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7
Q

how do fluids maintain body temperature?

A

water has a high heat capacity

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8
Q

what are the 3 functions of electrolytes?

A

regulate fluid balance
help nerves respond to stimuli
signal muscles to contract

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9
Q

how do electrolytes help regulate fluid balance?

A

water follows electrolytes into and out of cells

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10
Q

how do electrolytes help nerves respond to stimuli?

A

Na and K move the nerve impulse along the nerve cell

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11
Q

how do electrolytes signal our muscles to contract?

A

Ca moves into muscle to stimulate contraction

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12
Q

how is water gained?

A

food/drink
metabolic reactions

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13
Q

hyperhydration, which is rare, is also called what?

A

water intoxication

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14
Q

in which conditions does hyperhydration occur? (3)

A

kidney disease
hormonal imbalance
overconsumption of water

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15
Q

why is hyperhydration bad?

A

can result in dilution of plasma sodium

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16
Q

what are the 5 functions of sodium?

A

fluid/electrolyte balance
maintain BP
maintain acid-base
nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction

17
Q

what can occur with too much sodium? (3)

A

raises BP
increased excretion of Ca
hypernatremia

18
Q

what can cause hyponatremia? (low sodium)

A

prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive sweating

19
Q

a patient has headaches, dizziness, fatigue, N/V, and muscle cramps. what could they have?

A

hyponatremia

20
Q

what are the 3 functions of potassium?

A

fluid/electrolyte balance
muscle contraction
maintains a lower BP

21
Q

what are good sources of potassium? (3)

A

fruits/veggies
whole grains
dairy products

22
Q

in which patients is hyperkalemia seen?

A

patients with kidney disease

23
Q

what can hyperkalemia lead to?

A

altered heart rhythm = heart attack

24
Q

what can cause hypokalemia?

A

kidney disease
diabetic acidosis
extreme dehydration
excessive V/D
diuretics

25
what can hypokalemia cause?
abnormal heart rhythm
26
what are the 4 functions of chloride?
fluid balance component of HCl in stomach assists immune system transmission of nerve impulses
27
what can too much chloride lead to?
hypertension
28
what are 2 causes of low chloride?
severe dehydration/frequent vomiting
29
what are the 3 functions of phosphorous?
fluid balance mineral complex of bone regulate biochemical pathways
30
which electrolyte is found in ATP, DNA, RNA, and phospholipids?
phosphorous
31
what are good sources of phosphorous?
protein: meat milk eggs
32
what can cause high blood phosphorous? (3)
kidney disease excess vit D supplements overuse of antacids
33
a patient presents with muscle spasms and convulsions. what is likely wrong?
high blood phosphorous
34
which patients are most at risk of low blood phosphorous? (3)
premature infants elderly alcoholics
35
what can lead to low blood phosphorous? (3)
vit D deficiency hyperparathyroidism overuse of antacids that bind phosphorous