Obesity Flashcards
underweight BMI?
< 18.5
optimal weight BMI?
18.5 - 24
overweight BMI?
25 - 30
obese BMI?
> 30
where in the US has the highest geographic prevalence of obesity at 31.2%?
south US
where in the US has the 2nd highest geographic prevalence of obesity at 30.7%?
midwest
in which patients is obesity most prevalent? (2)
non-hispanic blacks
hispanics
do african american women or hispanic women have a higher prevalence of obesity?
african american women at 57%
hispanic women at 47%
do african american men or hispanic men have a higher prevalence in obesity?
african american men at 37%
hispanic men at 36%
weight management programs like controlled fasting designed to help adults maintain a healthy weight are only effective for:
short term; acute weight loss
no weight management programs have demonstrated success in weight management beyond _____ months
6-12 months
the rise in prevalence of obesity is associated with increases in obesity related _____ _____ and _____
health problems
cost
BMI > _____ is associated with a 3-4 fold increase in the risk of stroke, ischemic heart disease and DM II
28
mortality risk from increased BMI declines after age:
50
what comorbid conditions is obesity associated with? (5)
CVD
hypertension
Type II DM
dyslipidemia
osteoarthritis
what comorbid condition that is associated with obesity is the last to change with weight loss?
dyslipidemia
what etiology makes up the most risk for obesity?
genetics
what are the 4 etiologies of obesity?
genetics
environment
metabolic factors
behavioral issues
the prevalence of obesity has increased _____% in the last 10 years
40
obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that favors:
fat accumulation
what percentage of type II DM patients are obese?
80%
BMI > ___ in women increases the risk of type II DM 40 fold compared to a BMI of ___or less
31
22
BMI > ___ in men increased the risk of type II DM 40 fold compared to a BMI of ___or less
35
23
weight gain of as little as _____ pounds increases the risk of type II DM
20
obesity increases the risk of _____ 2-4 fold
hypertension
what mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between obesity and hypertension? (3)
elevated cardiac output
reduced venous compliance
renal sodium retention
what dyslipidemia levels increase with increasing BMI in younger age groups? (2)
LDL
total cholesterol
central adiposy is associated with _____ _____ and _____
glucose intolerance
dyslipidemia
modest weight loss improves _____ _____ and ____
glucose intolerance
DM II
weight loss is a recommendation as a primary therapy for obese patients with _____
hypertension
weight loss from diet alone reduces _____ and _____
LDL
triglycerides
weight loss from diet and exercise reduces ____ and increases _____
total cholesterol
HDL
what information is important to get from a patient that is obese? (3)
weight
BMI
waist circumference
waist circumference correlates with the risk of: (4)
DM II
CVD
hypertension
dyslipidemia
what is the primary treatment of chronic obesity?
dietary intervention
in the acute stage, diet is _____
medicine
in the chronic stage, diet is is a component in a:
change in lifestyle
what is the target goal for weight loss?
5-10% of initial body weight
total energy consumption should be no less than _____ kcal/day in the acute weight loss period
800
____ _____ can result in less long-term weight regain than behavior modification + medication
behavior modification
what tends to happen when medications are withdrawn?
weight tends to rebound
