Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

nutrition > Pregnancy and Lactation > Flashcards

Pregnancy and Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

mothers and fathers _____ prior to pregnancy can affect fertility

A

diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

folate intake for the formation of

A

neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st trimester

A
  • cell division
  • avoid teratogens
  • folate needs increase (600mg during pregnancy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2nd trimester

A
  • nutrition is key

- maternal weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how much weight on average does a woman gain during pregnancy?

A

25-35 pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

maternal weight gain is a good indicator of

A

infant health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

teratogen

A

something that causes malformation to an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

extra kcals needed in 2nd and 3rd trimester

A

extra 350-450 kcal/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

protein requirements during pregnancy

A

extra 25 grams/day (1.1 gm/kg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ and ____ needed for blood formation

A

folate and vitamin b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

increased need for vitamin

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

iron needs are

A

doubled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

morning sickness remedies

A
  • bland carbs
  • small frequent meals
  • take prenatal vitamin with food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

heartburn in pregnancy caused by ____ and ___ ___

A

-relaxed muscle and growing fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

constipation and hemorroids during pregnancy caused by decreased ____ and ______

A

-GI motility and pressure from growing fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PICA typically related to

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how common is it to develop diabetes after having gestational diabetes?

A

1/3 of women develop diabetes within 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is gestational diabetes?

A

the fetus’ cells uptake sugar and store it as fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gestational diabetes treatment

A

-meds and diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

edema in pregnancy

A
  • caused by expanding blood volume

- no risk as long as BP doesn’t rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

edema is most common in

A

first pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

preeclampsia/eclampsia signs

A
  • sharp gain in weight

- rise in BP, protein in urine, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

preeclampsia/eclampsia typically happen when?

A

in the later half of the pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome can cause

A
  • learning disabilities
  • facial deformities
  • behavioral problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what happens when you smoke during pregnancy?
reduces blood supply to the placenta and oxygen to the fetus
26
risks of smoking while pregnant
- increased risk of low birth weight - miscarriage - premature delivery - sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
27
what is a low birth weight?
less than 5 1/2 pounds
28
how many weeks is a premature delivery?
less than 37 weeks
29
limit caffeine to ___ a day
200mg (2 small cups of coffee)
30
foods to avoid
- mercury in fish - lox - brie, feta - lunchmeat - hotdogs
31
more vitamin __ ,vitamin __, ____, _____,and ____ needed when breastfeeding
- vitamin A - vitamin C - niacin - zinc - fluid
32
less ___ and ___ needed during breastfeeding
-folate and iron
33
_____ reduces milk volume
smoking
34
basis of infants diet for first year
breastmilk or formula
35
when can infants have solids?
about 4-6 months
36
birth weight ____ by 4 months and ___ by a year
- doubles | - triples
37
fat should supply how much of an infants calories?
50%
38
protein for first 6 months
2.2 g/kg
39
too much protein for infants is hard on the _____
kidneys
40
____ is the most rapid period of growth
infancy
41
infants at high risk for
dehydration
42
infants iron needs
-iron fortified formula or supplement needed after a few months
43
infants vitamin d needs
supplements recommended for breastfeeding infants
44
injected at birth
vitamin K
45
infant fluoride needs
-supplements from birth unless fluorinated water used to make formula
46
breastfeeding vegan mothers should take a _________ supplement
vitamin B12
47
kcal in breastmilk
about 175 kcal/cup
48
about how many calories from fat in breastmilk?
50%
49
hind milk
comes at the end of a breatfeeding session--more fat filled
50
breastmilk is rich in _______
omega 3 fatty acids
51
________ is lactose in breastmilk
carbohydrate
52
lactose in breastmilk increases the absorption of _____, _______, and ______
- calcium - iron - zinc
53
colostrum
milky fluid released by mother before breast milk production begins
54
when is colostrum produced?
in the first few days
55
breastfeeding delays
fertility
56
hormones from breastfeeding help the muscles of the ____ ___
uterus contract
57
why is cows milk not given to children?
- proteins and minerals too high - stress on kidney's - increases risk of dehydration - can cause GI bleeding and anemia
58
how is growth measured?
in growth charts
59
why can babies eat solid food at 6 months?
- kidney's more developed - less risk of allergy - loss of extrusion reflex - GI tract can digest amylose - head and neck control
60
extrusion reflex
baby pushing food out of their mouth with their tongue
61
when can a baby have whole milk?
1 year
62
how many cups of whole milk should a child have a day?
2-3 cups
63
when can a child have low-fat milk?
after 2 years
64
colic causes
can be from - veggies - onions - cows milk if breastfeeding
65
when does a colic begin?
first couple of weeks
66
when does a colic usually resolve?
after 3 months
67
what is a colic?
when a baby cries for a long period of time for no apparent reason
68
what is rare in breastfed babies?
constipation
69
appetite matches ____ during childhood
growth
70
75% of allergies caused by ______, ________, and _____ in childhood
- milk - eggs - peanuts
71
most common deficiency in childhood
iron deficiency anemia
72
after adult height is reached, _____ _____ continues
weight gain
73
_______ and ______ intake often low for girls
- iron | - calcium
74
snacks typically provide how much of calories for teen?
25%
75
folate needs increased by ____ mg during pregnancy
600

nutrition (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions