exam 3: diabetes

Question 1

____% of the population has diabetes

Answer 1

9.4

Question 2

_____ % of Americans over the age of 65 have diabetes

Answer 2

25

Question 3

type 1 diabetes __-__% of cases

Answer 3

5-10

Question 4

type 1:

no insulin produced by ____ cells of the pancreas

Answer 4

beta

Question 5

early onset diabetes

Answer 5

type 1

Question 6

what type is insulin deficient?

Answer 6

type 1

Question 7

what type is insulin resistant?

Answer 7

type 2

Question 8

later onset diabetes

Answer 8

type 2

Question 9

risk factors for type 2 diabetes (3)

Answer 9

• inactivity
• overweight
• abdominal fat (apple shape)

Question 10

______, ____, and ___ used for fuel during hyperglycemia

Answer 10

• glycogen
• protein
• ketones

Question 11

excessive thirst is called?

Answer 11

polydipsia

Question 12

ketosis lowers the ______ of blood leading to _______

Answer 12

• pH

- acidosis

Question 13

using ketones for fuel can cause ______ breath

Answer 13

acetone

Question 14

______ coma can occur in dehydrated elderly with type 2 diabetes

Answer 14

nonketonic

Question 15

weight ___ in type 1

Answer 15

loss

Question 16

weight ___ in type 2

Answer 16

gain

Question 17

hypoglycemia occurs more commonly in type ____

Answer 17

1

Question 18

more than ____% of diabetics die from CVD

Answer 18

80

Question 19

neuropathy in diabetics can cause _____ ____ ______

Answer 19

delayed gastric emptying

Question 20

screen for diabetes every ___ years for those over ____

Answer 20

• 3

- 45

Question 21

normal range for fasting blood glucose:

below _____

Answer 21

100mg/dl

Question 22

diabetic range for fasting blood glucose:

above ___

Answer 22

126 mg/dl

Question 23

prediabetes range for fasting blood glucose:

___-___

Answer 23

100-126

Question 24

HA1C above ____ is criteria for a diabetes diagnosis

Answer 24

6.5

Question 25

HA1C range for prediabetes

Answer 25

5.7-6.4

Question 26

high ____ _____ best for type 1 diabetics

Answer 26

fiber carbs

Question 27

type 1 diabetics should have _____ before and after exercise to control blood sugar levels

Answer 27

carbs

Question 28

take insulin at least _____ before exercise

Answer 28

1 hour

Question 29

diabetics with HA1c below ____ are considered to have their disease under control

Answer 29

7%

Question 30

check urine for ______ especially during _______

Answer 30

- ketones | - illness

Question 31

what is it called when glucagon and adrenaline are secreted and increase blood sugar levels?

Answer 31

rebound hyperglycemia

Question 32

dawn phenomenon treatment: more _____ at bed time or more ______ in the AM

Answer 32

- NPH | - R

Question 33

what is it called when glucagon is secreted at night time, raising blood sugar levels?

Answer 33

dawn phenomenon

Question 34

rebound hyperglycemia can also occur from ______

Answer 34

exercise

Question 35

what is it called when the body relies so much on ketones that the pH of the blood changes?

Answer 35

ketoacidosis

Question 36

managing hypoglycemia: treat with ____ of _____ and recheck in 15 mins

Answer 36

- 15g | - carbs

Question 37

examples of 15g of carbs (4)

Answer 37

- 6 oz soda - 1 tbs of icing - 4 oz of OJ - 5 large jelly beans

Question 38

hypoglycemia causes (3)

Answer 38

- too much insulin - too little food - too much exercise

Question 39

insulin shock can be treated with ____ ______or a ________ injection

Answer 39

- IV glucose | - glucagon injection

Question 40

treatment goals for type 2 diabetics: control ____ ____, ___ ___, and ____ ____

Answer 40

- blood sugar - blood lipids - blood pressure

Question 41

metformin reduces _____ ______

Answer 41

peripheral resistance

Question 42

metformin redcues ____ and raises _____

Answer 42

- triglycerides | - HDL

Question 43

oral diabetic agents can (3)

Answer 43

- reduce insulin resistance - stimulate insulin release - slow digestion and absorption of carbs

Question 44

is it possible for a type 2 diabetic to turn into a type 1 diabetic?

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

screen for gestational diabetes between ___ to ____ weeks

Answer 45

24-28

Question 46

reactive hypoglycemia: ______ is released in response to falling blood sugar

Answer 46

epinephrin

Question 47

what type of hypoglycemia has symptoms that resemble an anxiety attack?

Answer 47

reactive

Question 48

_______ hypoglycemia occurs within ___ to ___ hours after eating lots of carbs

Answer 48

- reactive | - 1-2

Question 49

______ _____ can sometimes be seen in early type 2 diabetes

Answer 49

reactive hypoglycemia

Question 50

reactive hypoglycemia can be seen in pt's who have had_____ _____ _____

Answer 50

gastric bypass surgery

Question 51

reactive hypoglycemia diagnosed with ____ ______ test

Answer 51

glucose tolerance

Question 52

metabolic syndrome diagnosed when 3 of the following are present: (5)

Answer 52

- hyperglycemia - obesity - elevated blood triglycerides - reduced HDL levels - hypertension

Question 53

metabolic syndrome: cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of _______ and ______ ____ _____

Answer 53

- cardiovascular disease | - type 2 diabetes