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nutrition > exam 3: diabetes > Flashcards

exam 3: diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

____% of the population has diabetes

A

9.4

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2
Q

_____ % of Americans over the age of 65 have diabetes

A

25

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3
Q

type 1 diabetes __-__% of cases

A

5-10

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4
Q

type 1:

no insulin produced by ____ cells of the pancreas

A

beta

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5
Q

early onset diabetes

A

type 1

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6
Q

what type is insulin deficient?

A

type 1

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7
Q

what type is insulin resistant?

A

type 2

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8
Q

later onset diabetes

A

type 2

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9
Q

risk factors for type 2 diabetes (3)

A
  • inactivity
  • overweight
  • abdominal fat (apple shape)
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10
Q

______, ____, and ___ used for fuel during hyperglycemia

A
  • glycogen
  • protein
  • ketones
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11
Q

excessive thirst is called?

A

polydipsia

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12
Q

ketosis lowers the ______ of blood leading to _______

A
  • pH

- acidosis

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13
Q

using ketones for fuel can cause ______ breath

A

acetone

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14
Q

______ coma can occur in dehydrated elderly with type 2 diabetes

A

nonketonic

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15
Q

weight ___ in type 1

A

loss

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16
Q

weight ___ in type 2

A

gain

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17
Q

hypoglycemia occurs more commonly in type ____

A

1

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18
Q

more than ____% of diabetics die from CVD

A

80

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19
Q

neuropathy in diabetics can cause _____ ____ ______

A

delayed gastric emptying

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20
Q

screen for diabetes every ___ years for those over ____

A
  • 3

- 45

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21
Q

normal range for fasting blood glucose:

below _____

A

100mg/dl

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22
Q

diabetic range for fasting blood glucose:

above ___

A

126 mg/dl

23
Q

prediabetes range for fasting blood glucose:

___-___

A

100-126

24
Q

HA1C above ____ is criteria for a diabetes diagnosis

A

6.5

25
Q

HA1C range for prediabetes

A

5.7-6.4

26
Q

high ____ _____ best for type 1 diabetics

A

fiber carbs

27
Q

type 1 diabetics should have _____ before and after exercise to control blood sugar levels

A

carbs

28
Q

take insulin at least _____ before exercise

A

1 hour

29
Q

diabetics with HA1c below ____ are considered to have their disease under control

A

7%

30
Q

check urine for ______ especially during _______

A
  • ketones

- illness

31
Q

what is it called when glucagon and adrenaline are secreted and increase blood sugar levels?

A

rebound hyperglycemia

32
Q

dawn phenomenon treatment:

more _____ at bed time or more ______ in the AM

A
  • NPH

- R

33
Q

what is it called when glucagon is secreted at night time, raising blood sugar levels?

A

dawn phenomenon

34
Q

rebound hyperglycemia can also occur from ______

A

exercise

35
Q

what is it called when the body relies so much on ketones that the pH of the blood changes?

A

ketoacidosis

36
Q

managing hypoglycemia:

treat with ____ of _____ and recheck in 15 mins

A
  • 15g

- carbs

37
Q

examples of 15g of carbs (4)

A
  • 6 oz soda
  • 1 tbs of icing
  • 4 oz of OJ
  • 5 large jelly beans
38
Q

hypoglycemia causes (3)

A
  • too much insulin
  • too little food
  • too much exercise
39
Q

insulin shock can be treated with ____ ______or a ________ injection

A
  • IV glucose

- glucagon injection

40
Q

treatment goals for type 2 diabetics:

control ____ ____, ___ ___, and ____ ____

A
  • blood sugar
  • blood lipids
  • blood pressure
41
Q

metformin reduces _____ ______

A

peripheral resistance

42
Q

metformin redcues ____ and raises _____

A
  • triglycerides

- HDL

43
Q

oral diabetic agents can (3)

A
  • reduce insulin resistance
  • stimulate insulin release
  • slow digestion and absorption of carbs
44
Q

is it possible for a type 2 diabetic to turn into a type 1 diabetic?

A

yes

45
Q

screen for gestational diabetes between ___ to ____ weeks

A

24-28

46
Q

reactive hypoglycemia:

______ is released in response to falling blood sugar

A

epinephrin

47
Q

what type of hypoglycemia has symptoms that resemble an anxiety attack?

A

reactive

48
Q

_______ hypoglycemia occurs within ___ to ___ hours after eating lots of carbs

A
  • reactive

- 1-2

49
Q

______ _____ can sometimes be seen in early type 2 diabetes

A

reactive hypoglycemia

50
Q

reactive hypoglycemia can be seen in pt’s who have had_____ _____ _____

A

gastric bypass surgery

51
Q

reactive hypoglycemia diagnosed with ____ ______ test

A

glucose tolerance

52
Q

metabolic syndrome diagnosed when 3 of the following are present: (5)

A
  • hyperglycemia
  • obesity
  • elevated blood triglycerides
  • reduced HDL levels
  • hypertension
53
Q

metabolic syndrome:

cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of _______ and ______ ____ _____

A
  • cardiovascular disease

- type 2 diabetes

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