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nutrition > exam 3: GI tract disorders > Flashcards

exam 3: GI tract disorders Flashcards

1
Q

clear liquids are

A

broth and tea

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2
Q

____ can cause diarrhea after a GI infection

A

lactose

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3
Q

mechanical soft diet can be used for a pt with ________ ________

A

missing teeth

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4
Q

mechanical soft diet

A

foods are liquid, chopped, tender or cooked

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5
Q

______ foods better tolerated with mouth ulcer

A

cool

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6
Q

cool foods examples (2)

A

yogurt

ice cream

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7
Q

_______ and _______ can cause reduced saliva

A
  • radiation

- Sjogrens syndrome

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8
Q

pts with reduced saliva are at greater risk for ______ and ________

A
  • dental decay

- periodontal disease

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9
Q

pudding thick liquid

A
  • thickest

- holds its own shape

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10
Q

honey thick

A

drizzles from cup or bowl

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11
Q

nectar thick

A
  • thinnest

- easily pourable

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12
Q

stage 1 solids

A
  • pureed

- for pts with greatest difficulty swallowing

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13
Q

stage 2 solids

A
  • ground, moist, soft textured

- easily chewed

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14
Q

stage 3 solids

A

-moist, bite sized

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15
Q

stage 4 solids

A

regular diet

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16
Q

foods that are difficult to swallow (2)

A
  • peas

- peanut butter

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17
Q

fiber DRI for women

A

about 25 grams a day

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18
Q

fiber DRI for men

A

about 38 grams a day

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19
Q

foods that promote gas production

A
  • carbonated beverages
  • cruciferous veggies (broccoli, cauliflower)
  • onions, garlic
  • beer
  • apples
  • excess of fruit juice
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20
Q

foods that reduce colostomy odor(4)

A
  • yogurt
  • buttermilk
  • parsley
  • cranberry juice
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21
Q

endoscopy or biopsy of intestines looks at the ______ _______ to determine if someone is malnourished

A

-absorptive surface

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22
Q

test for lactose intolerance

A

hydrogen breath test

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23
Q

test for fat malabsorption

A

-fecal fat measurement

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24
Q

test for vitamin b12 malabsorption

A

-schilling test

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25
Q

gastric bypass can cause ______ _____

A

dumping syndrome

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26
Q

results of gastric bypass:

reduced _____ ____ and reduced absorption of ______

A
  • stomach volume

- some nutrients

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27
Q

what is gastric banding?

A
  • adjustable band around top of stomach, creating a small pouch
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28
Q

is there more weight loss with gastric banding or gastric bypass?

A

gastric bypass

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29
Q

in lactose intolerance, pts lack ______ in intestines, so they are unable to break down _____

A
  • lactase

- lactose

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30
Q

what cultures is lactose intolerance most common?

A
  • asians
  • african americans
  • native americans
  • latinos
  • Ashwakanazi Jews
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31
Q

most _____ _____ and ______ is fairly well tolerated in people with lactose intolerance

A
  • aged cheese

- yogurt with active cultures

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32
Q

dysphagia causes

A
  • aging
  • nervous system diseases
  • developemental disabilities
  • stroke
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33
Q

how is dysphasia diagnosed?

A
  • xray
  • fluoroscopy
  • measurement of sphincter pressure and peristalsis
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34
Q

______ placement is preferred to ______ placement when using tube feeds with a pt with dysphagia

A
  • intestinal

- gastric

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35
Q

intestinal placement is preferred to gastric placement in pts with dysphagia to prevent ______ _______

A

aspiration pneumonia

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36
Q

another word for indigestion

A

dypepsia

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37
Q

GERD causes

A
  • frequent heartburn
  • ascites
  • pregnancy
  • asthma
  • peptic ulcers
  • IBS
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38
Q

esophagus becomes ______ and ______ with GERD

A
  • narrowed

- scarred

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39
Q

GERD often caused by _____ ______bc the sphincter protrudes up through the diaphragm

A

-hiatal hernia

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40
Q

antacids for gerd

A
  • proton pump inhibitor- prilosec

- histamine 2 receptor blocker –pepcid

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41
Q

what do antisecretory meds do?

A

-suppress gastric secretions

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42
Q

what do cholingeric meds do?

A

strengthen cardiac sphincter pressure

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43
Q

acute gastritis causes

A
  • overuse of aspirin
  • alcohol abuse
  • food poisining
  • radiation
  • bacterial infection
  • metabolic stress
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44
Q

chronic gastritis common in _____

A

seniors

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45
Q

chronic gastritis causes

A
  • gastric surgery
  • diseases of stomach or liver
  • h pylori
  • aging
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46
Q

what 2 deficiencies can develop with chronic gastritis?

A
  • vitamin b12

- iron

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47
Q

_____ _____ is erosion of top layer of cells

A

peptic ulcer

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48
Q

peptic ulcer is _____ of top layer of _____

A
  • erosion

- cells

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49
Q

ulcers:

underlying cells exposed to ______ _____

A

gastric juices

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50
Q

causes of ulcers

A
  • h pylori
  • anti inflammatory meds
  • disorders that increase gastric secretions
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51
Q

disorder that increases gastric acid secretion

A

Zollinger Ellison syndrome (pancreatic tumor)

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52
Q

______ ______ worsens ulcers

A

cigarette smoking

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53
Q

diets rich in _____ from _____ and ____ seems to help prevent duodenal ulcers

A
  • fiber

- fruits and veggies

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54
Q

insoluble fiber:

adds ____ to stool

A

bulk

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55
Q

insoluble fiber:

increases _____ ______

A

GI transit

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56
Q

insoluble fiber:

_____ bowels

A

stimulates

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57
Q

insoluble fiber helps with ______

A

constipation

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58
Q

soluble fiber delays ____ ______

A

GI transit

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59
Q

soluble fiber is good for pts with ______

A

diarrhea

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60
Q

high fiber diets used in pts with

A
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • diverticulosis
  • irritable bowel
  • chrons in remission
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61
Q

which sugar alcohols cause gas?

A
  • sorbitol

- manitol

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62
Q

_____ can cause gas and bloating

A

fructose

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63
Q

low fiber diets used for

A
  • diverticulitis

- active chrons

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64
Q

high soluble fiber, low insoluble diet used for

A
  • diarrhea

- IBS

65
Q

diet for delayed gastric emptying

A

low fiber, low fat

66
Q

_____ _____ can cause delayed gastric emptying

A

-diabetic neuropathy

67
Q

______ is a gut stimulant

A

caffeine

68
Q

eat foods with _____ when experiencing diarrhea to replenish bacteria in gut

A

probiotics

69
Q

IBS aggravated by ______

A

stress

70
Q

foods to avoid with IBS

A
  • lactose
  • fatty foods
  • gas forming foods
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
  • fructose
  • sorbitol
71
Q

what is the FODMAPS diet

A

has pts eliminate all of these foods and gradually add them back one by one to see how they are tolerated

72
Q

______ disease has no known cure

A

chrons

73
Q

chrons disease:

_____ and ______ of GI

A

-inflammation and ulceration

74
Q

chrons:

____ tissue can form in intestines

A

fibrous

75
Q

fibrous tissue reduces absorption of ______

A

nutrients

76
Q

what is a fistula?

A

an abnormal connection between 2 organs

77
Q

fistulas can cause _____ loss

A

fluid

78
Q

if fistula forms, ______ from ____ may enter parts of GI

A
  • bacteria

- colon

79
Q

chrons can cause:

deficiency in ______

A

-calcium

80
Q

chrons can cause

deficiency in _______

A

magnesium

81
Q

chrons can cause

deficiency in _______

A

zinc

82
Q

chrons can cause

deficiency in _______

A

iron

83
Q

chrons can cause

deficiency in vitamin _______

A

b12

84
Q

chrons can cause

deficiency in _______

A

folate

85
Q

chrons can cause

deficiency in vitamin _______

A

c

86
Q

____ formulas preferred with chrons pts

A

hydrolyzed

87
Q

chrons diet:

high in ____ and _____

A

calories and protein

88
Q

chrons diet:

low in ___, _____, and ____

A
  • fat
  • fiber
  • lactose
89
Q

ulcerative colitis is inflammation of _____ ______

A

large intestine

90
Q

can ulcerative colitis be cured?

A

if the part of the colon that is ulcerated is removed, it can be cured

91
Q

_____ used if surgery is anticipated for pt with ulcerative colitis

A

TPN

92
Q

diverticula cause:

______ in intestinal lumen and _____ of supporting muscles

A
  • pressure

- weakness

93
Q

diverticula form due to _____ and lack of _____

A
  • aging

- fiber

94
Q

diet for diverticulitis in active phase

A

low fiber

95
Q

diet to manage diverticulitis

A

high fiber

96
Q

resections of ____ intestine are less likely to cause nutritional problems than resection of ______ intestine

A
  • large

- small

97
Q

colostomy:

____ and ____ removed

A
  • rectum

- anus

98
Q

ileostomy:

_____, _____, and _____ removed

A
  • colon
  • rectum
  • anus
99
Q

ileostomies cause _____ stool

A

watery

100
Q

foods to avoid after large bowel resection

A
  • stringy foods
  • tough skins (dried fruit, corn)
  • seeds
  • nuts
  • mushrooms
101
Q

foods that thicken stool (5)

A
  • applesauce
  • peanut butter
  • bananas
  • starchy foods
  • cheese
102
Q

limit _____ ____ postgastrectomy to prevent dumping syndrome

A

simple sugars

103
Q

limit simple sugars postgastrectomy to prevent ______ _______

A

dumping syndrome

104
Q

simple sugars cause _______ reaction in the intestine

A

hyper osmotic

105
Q

postgastrectomy:

avoid ____ with meals

A
  • liquids

- creates more volume in the stomach

106
Q

postgastrectomy:

____ _____ after eating can prevent dumping syndrome

A

laying down

107
Q

postgastrectomy diet:

emphasized _____ and moderate ____ in meals

A
  • protein

- fat

108
Q

postgastrectomy:

protein and fat in meals can help slow down _____ and prevent ___ _____

A
  • absorption

- dumping syndrome

109
Q

add ___ or _____ gum to food to slow down absorption

A
  • pectin

- guar

110
Q

what is steatorrhea?

A

fatty, frothy stool

111
Q

postgastrectomy:

_____ and ______ malabsorption causes bone disease

A
  • calcium

- vitamin D

112
Q

what is dumping syndrome?

A

when the pyloric sphincter is removed and material dumps from the stomach into the intestines rapidly

113
Q

dumping syndrome:

______ volume decreases

A

blood

114
Q

how does dumping syndrome cause hypoglycemia?

A

bc the material was dumped so rapidly and absorbed so rapidly that there is a surge in insulin production

115
Q

gastric partitioning:

vitamin ____ and vitamin____ deficiencies common

A

-D and B12

116
Q

gastric partitioning:

______, ______, and ______ deficiencies common

A
  • folate
  • iron
  • calcium
117
Q

emphasize ______ first in meals after gastric partitioning

A

protein

118
Q

celiac disease affects _____ in ____ people

A

1 in 100

119
Q

what has gluten in it? (4)

A
  • wheat
  • oats
  • rye
  • barley
120
Q

celiac disease:

malabsorption of fats, proteins, carbs, fat soluble vitamins, iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc happens bc of

A

atrophy of the villi

121
Q

celiac disease:

malabsorption of ____, ______, and_____

A
  • fats
  • proteins
  • carbs
122
Q

celiac disease:

malabsorption of _____ _____ vitamins

A

fat soluble

123
Q

celiac disease:

malabsorption of _____, ______,_______, and _____

A
  • iron
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • zinc
124
Q

celiac disease:

edema caused by ______ _____ ___________

A

protein energy malnutrition

125
Q

______ _______ often permanent with celiac disease

A

lactose intolerance

126
Q

what skin condition can develop with celiac disease?

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

127
Q

celiac disease s/s

A
  • steatorrhea
  • anemia
  • edema
  • vitamin k deficiency
  • fertility problems
128
Q

what happens to calcium and magnesium during fat malabsorption?

A

they bind with unabsorbed bile and form soaps. since they are bonded in a new compound they cannot be absorbed and are then passed through the stool

129
Q

_______ and _______ bind with unabsorbed bile and form soaps during fat malabsorption

A

calcium and magnesium

130
Q

____ used for energy during fat malabsorption since fat is not being stored

A

protein

131
Q

fat malabsorption:

loss of vitamin _____ reduces ____ absorption

A
  • vitamin D

- calcium

132
Q

fat malabsorption:

less calcium to bind to ______

A

oxalates

133
Q

fat malabsorption:

less calcium leads to increased _____ ______ levels

A

blood oxalate

134
Q

fat malabsorption:

increased absorption of oxalate increases risk for ____ ______

A

kidney stones

135
Q

treatment for fat malabsorption:

less than _____ grams of fat in diet

A

50

136
Q

medium chain triglycerides are easier to ____ and _____

A

digest and absorb

137
Q

foods with oxalate to restrict with fat malabsorption

A
  • leafy green veggies
  • beets
  • nuts
  • chocolate
  • tea
138
Q

what is enzyme replacement therapy?

A

pancreatic enzymes are used to digest fat

139
Q

bacterial overgrowth can cause ______ ________

A

fat malabsorption

140
Q

what 2 things usually prevent bacterial overgrowth?

A
  • gastric acid

- peristalsis

141
Q

chronic gastritis:

cells of stomach _____ and less _____ _____ is produced

A
  • atrophy

- hydrochloric acid

142
Q

bacteria overgrowth:

bacteria dismantle ____ causing ______ ______

A
  • bile

- fat malabsorption

143
Q

bacterial overgrowth causes (5)

A
  • chronic gastritis
  • antiulcer meds
  • HIV
  • small bowel obstruction
  • neuropathy in diabetes
144
Q

______ ____ _______ from gastric surgery can cause bacterial overgrowth

A

blind loop syndrome

145
Q

what is blind loop syndrome?

A

occurs when digested food slows or stops moving through part of the intestine

146
Q

bacterial overgrowth:

can see ____ and vitamin ______ deficiencies

A
  • folate

- vitamin b12

147
Q

bacterial overgrowth:

_____ anemia can happen due to vitamin b12 and folate deficiencies

A

macrocytic

148
Q

short bowel syndrome causes (5)

A
  • cancer surgery
  • chrons
  • significant diverticulitis
  • obstructions
  • fistulas
149
Q

short bowel syndrome can lead to (4)

A
  • diarrhea
  • weight loss
  • muscle wasting
  • bone disease
150
Q

short bowel syndrome:

up to ____% of small intestines can be removed

A

50%

151
Q

if _____ _____, ______ valve, and _____ are left the pt will have less nutritional problems

A
  • terminal ileum
  • ileocecal valve
  • colon
152
Q

short bowel syndrome:

loss of ______ and _____

A

calcium and magnesium

153
Q

short bowel syndrome:

_______ and _____ malabsorption

A

protein and fat

154
Q

short bowel syndrome:

______ can salvage carbs

A

colon

155
Q

_____ _____ is reduced in short bowel syndrome

A

absorptive surface

156
Q

remarkable adaptation:

the villi can change, become healthier, ____, and increase the ____ _______

A
  • taller

- absorptive surface

157
Q

what is remarkable adaptation?

A

certain parts of the intestine that weren’t responsible for absorbing nutrients before surgery can adapt and develop the ability

158
Q

short bowel syndrome diet

high in _____, low in ____ and _____

A
  • carbs

- fat and oxalates

159
Q

short bowel syndrome:

take vitamin _____ supplements

A

b12

nutrition (11 decks)

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