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nutrition > exam 3: atherosclerosis > Flashcards

exam 3: atherosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

______ disease leading cause of death in US

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

fatty streaks ______ and _____

A
  • enlarge

- harden

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3
Q

arteries _____ and ______

A
  • stiffen

- narrow

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4
Q

_____ and _____ accumulate as plaques grow

A
  • cholesterol

- calcium

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5
Q

most people have evidence of well developed plaque by age ___

A

30

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6
Q

when the arteries stiffen and narrow it cause an increase in ____

A

blood pressure

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7
Q

most common type of cardiovascular disease

A

coronary artery disease

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8
Q

if atherosclerosis occurs in the heart it can lead to

_____ ______ disease, ____, or _______

A
  • coronary artery
  • MI
  • angina
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9
Q

if atherosclerosis occurs in the brain it can lead to a

A

TIA

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10
Q

strokes and heart attacks are both _______ diseases

A

inflammatory

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11
Q

what is it when a blood clot sticks to plaque and closes the artery?

A

thrombosis

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12
Q

what is it called when a clot breaks free and loges into a small capillary?

A

embolism

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13
Q

______ ______ rises which further damages arteries

A
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14
Q

atherosclerosis risk factors:

high ____, low ____, high ____

A
  • LDL
  • HDL
  • triglycerides
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15
Q

why do females over 55 or with premature menopause have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis?

A

after menopause women’s cholesterol levels rise

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16
Q

______ is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis

A

smoking

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17
Q

LDL below ____ for high risk pts

A

70

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18
Q

LDL for normal risk pt below ____

A

100

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19
Q

HDL level greater than ____

A

60

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20
Q

triglycerides less than ____

A

150

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21
Q

normal BMI ___-_____

A

18.5-24.9

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22
Q

heart healthy diets emphasize ______, _____, and_______ _____

A
  • fruits
  • veggies
  • whole grains
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23
Q

heart healthy diet limits ______ _____ to 5-7% of total kcal

A

saturated fat

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24
Q

heart healthy diet limits saturated fat intake to __-__% of total kcal

A

5-7%

25
Q

heart healthy diet:

keep _____ ____ intake as low as possible

A

trans fat

26
Q

____fibers can reduce LDL cholesterol levels

A

soluble

27
Q

soluble fibers can reduce ___ cholesterol levels

A

LDL

28
Q

dietary cholesterol doesn’t effect your blood levels nearly as much as ____ _____

A

saturated fat

29
Q

keep dietary cholesterol to less than _____

A

200mg/day

30
Q

_______ is a good substitute for butter in pts at high risk for heart disease

A

olive oil

31
Q

plant sterols block the absorption of ________ from food

A

cholesterol

32
Q

about _____ of plant sterols daily can lower LDL cholesterol

A

2 grams

33
Q

omega 3 fatty acids can lower ________ ______ levels

A

blood triglyceride

34
Q

it is recommended by the American Heart Association to

A

eat fish several times a week

35
Q

omega 3 fatty acids suppress _______

A

inflammation

36
Q

omega 3 fatty acids reduce _____ ______

A

blood clotting

37
Q

alcohol in moderation can have favorable effects on coronary heart disease by raising _______ levels

A

HDL

38
Q

_____ minutes a week of moderate intensity activity can help reduce risk for CHD

A

150

39
Q

vitamin ___ supplements can increase risk of heart failure long term

A

E

40
Q

______ influence blood volume

A

kidneys

41
Q

_____ creates extra blood vessels

A

obesity

42
Q

hypertension is 2 to 3 times more likely in ____ diabetes

A

type 2

43
Q

hypertension:

_______ makes kidneys retain more sodium

A

hyperinsulinemia

44
Q

hypertension accelerates _______

A

atherosclerosis

45
Q

hypertension can lead to _____ and ____ failure

A

heart and renal

46
Q

hypertension can cause _____ from pressure

A

aneurysm

47
Q

diet rich in _____, ______, and _____ good for hypertension

A
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • magnesium
48
Q

DASH diet low in ____ and rich in _____, ____, and ______

A
  • sodium

- calcium, potassium, magnesium

49
Q

hypertension diet low in ____ ___, and___ ___ ___

A
  • saturated fats

- trans fatty acids

50
Q

exercise may building new ____ _____

A

coronary arteries

51
Q

emphasize _______ fats, _____ __ ____ ___, ______ fiber, and ___ _____ in diets w pts with hypertension

A
  • monounsaturated
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • soluble fiber
  • soy protein
52
Q

____ temp meals after MI

A

moderate

53
Q

congestive heart failure can cause _____, ______, and ______ edema

A
  • pulmonary
  • peripheral
  • hepatic
54
Q

increased ______ needs with CHF

A

energy

55
Q

what med increases the pumping strength of the heart?

A

cardiac glycosides

56
Q

meds for pts with CHF (4)

A
  • cardiac glycosides
  • diuretics
  • potassium
  • stool softeners
57
Q

CHF:

restrict _____ and ______

A
  • sodium

- fluid

58
Q

sodium restriction about ___ grams/day

A

2

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