Pregnancy Flashcards
What hormone is used to detect pregnancy in a home pregnancy test?
hCG
What cells make hCG?
syncytiotrophoblasts
At what week do you have a early pregnancy assessment and dating ultrasound?
6wks
What is confirmed during an early pregancny assessment and dating ultrasound?
Location, # of embryos, heart beat, length of embryo.
What is visible in an early pregnancy assessment and dating ultrasound?
Yolk sac and embryo (5mm)
When is the first trimester screening for pregnancy?
12 weeks
What is tested/can be tested during the First trimester screening of preganancy?
ßhCG
PAPP-A (Pregnancy associated plasma protein A - growth promoting hormone in the placenta)
Fetal heart beat, size, nuchal translucency
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) - CV tissue drawn through suction (vagina) or needle
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): measures cell free fetal DNA in mothers blood.
What are some chromosomal disorders which can be diagnosed at 12 weeks gestation?
Down syndrome
Turner syndrome
Edward syndrome
Patau syndrome
Which chromosome is abnormal in Down syndrome?
Trisomy 21: 47 chromosomes in each cell.
Which chromosome is abnormal in Turner syndrome?
Monosomy X: 45 chromosomes in each cell - missing a sex chromosome
Which chromosome is abnormal in Edward syndrome:
Trisomy 18: extra 18 Chromosome`
Which chromosome is abnormal in Patau syndrome?
Trisomy 13: extra 13 chromosome
What week of the gestation is the fetal anaotmy scan conducted?
20 Wks
What is determined at the fetal anatomy scan?
Heart beat, size, placenta position, volume of amniotic fluid, reviewing basic anatomy structures and blood floow.
Neural tube defects, heart and kidney problems, cleft lip.
Gender
How many preganacies in Austalia are unplanned?
50%`
What is considered a Low birth weight?
<2.5 kg
*Premature
What weight is considered small for gestational age?
<2.5kg full term
What are some risks associated with small for gestational age babies?
Problems with blood glucosecontrol, temperature regulation, growth and development
What is considered normal birth weight?
2.5- 4 kg
What is considered high birth weight?
<4kg
What are some risks associated with high birth weight babies?
Gestational diabees
delivery problems, obesity and diabetes.
When is there maximum amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac during gestation?
Wk 34
What are 4 factors that affect growth patterns of a fetus other than foetal genome?
Nutrition
Smoking and drug abuse
Matrnal size
Psychological factors
During what weeks is the maximum growth rate of a fetus?
30-36 wks
What is the counted as the beginning of the first trimester?
Counted from date of last menstrual period
What weeks of a pregnancy are considered the first trimester?
First 13 weeks
When is the embryonic period and what size is the foetus at the end of it?
Up to week 8 - 22mm long
When is the foetal period of gestation?
Week 9-38
When do most spontaneous abortions occur?
First trimester
What are the 2 layers of the bilaminar disc?
Epiblast and Hypoblast
What forms the amnion?
Formed from ectoderm, the upper part of the epiblast, dorsal layer of the embryonic disc
What is the amnion and its function?
Embryonic membrane that surround the embryo and is filled with amniotic fluid.
- Fluid from maternal blood
- Shock absorber
- Temperature regulator
- Prevents adhesion
What is the yolk sac formed from?
Formed from the endoderm plus trophoblasts, hypoblasts lower layer of embryonic disc.
What is the yolk sac the site of?
Early blood and blood vessel formation.
What forms the allantois?
Caudal end of the yolk sac, outpocketing of the hindgut (originaly yolk sac) plus mesodermal body stalk.
What is the allantois?
Structural base for umbilical cord - embryonic vessels of the placenta.