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Reproduction > Comparative & Developmental Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Comparative & Developmental Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 sources are gonads derived from?

A
  • Mesothelium: (mesodermal epithelium) lining posterior abdominal wall
  • Underlying mesenchyme: (embryonic connective tissue)
  • Primordial Germ Cells: (earliest undifferentiated sex cells)
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2
Q

What is an indifferent gonad?

A

Primordial organ before differentiation into gonads

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3
Q

At what week are initial stages of gonadal development?

A

5 wk

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4
Q

What produces the gonadal ridge?

A

Proliferation of mesothelium and underlying mesenchymal cells

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5
Q

What is the permanent kidney primordium?

A

Thickened area of mesothelium developing on medial side of mesonephros

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6
Q

Indifferent gonad consists of

A

External cortex

Internal medulla

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7
Q

Cortex differentiates into

A

Ovary, medulla regresses

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8
Q

Indifferent gonad:

Medulla differentiates into

A

Testes, cortex regresses

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9
Q

What do the Gonadal cords become in males at wk5?

A

Seminiferous cords (Primordia of the seminiferous tubules)

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10
Q

What do the parts of the gonadal cords that enter the medulla become in wk 5?

A

Rete Testes

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11
Q

What 2 kinds of cells are made during wk 5 male sexual differentiation in gonads?

A

Spermatogonia And Sertoli Cells

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12
Q

What are spermatogonia derived from?

A

Primordial germ cells

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13
Q

What are sertoli cells derived from?

A

Mesenchyme

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14
Q

What are follicular cells derived from?

A

Surface epithelium of ovary

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15
Q

Which duct is the paramesonephric duct?

A

Mullerian

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16
Q

Which duct is the mesonephric duct?

A

Wolffian

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17
Q

In male embryo, SRY turns on expression of…

A

Testis determining factor

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18
Q

What cells make Anti-Mulerian Hormone?

A

Sertoli Cells

19
Q

Wolffian duct becomes the …

A

Conductive ducts: epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

20
Q

Where are PCGs initially located?

A

Amongst endodermal cells of yolk sac, near origin of allantois

21
Q

PCGs migrate along…

A

Dorsal mesentery of hindgut to gonadal ridges

22
Q

What is happenening to PGCs during 6th week of development?

A

PGCs enter underlying mesenchyme and incorporated into gonadal cords.

23
Q

The Homologous Genital tubercle differnetiates into:

A

Penis (male), Clitoris (female)

24
Q

The urethral folds develop into the:

A

Penile urethra (male), labia minora (female)

25
Q

The urethral groove deveops into the:

A

Disappears in males, Vestibule (Females)

26
Q

The labioscrotal swelling develops into the:

A

Scrotum (male), Labia majora (female)

27
Q

What directs direction of descent of ovaries and testes?

A

Gubernaculum

28
Q

Why does the testes descend into the scrotum?

A

Temperature regulation for sperm production

29
Q

What happens to the gubernaculum in males?

A

Shrinks into a small structure attached to the base of the scrotum

30
Q

What happens to the gubernaculum in women?

A

Gives rise to the ovarian and round ligaments, the latter is attached to the labia majora

31
Q

The male pelvic cavity shown no reprductive organs between the urinary bladder and the rectum except for the…

A

Seminal Vesicles

32
Q

Length of male urethra :

A

18-24cm

33
Q

Length of female urethra

A

3-5cm

34
Q

In females, the urethral sphincter…

A

Extendsright through the pelvic diaphragm to the neck of the bladder

35
Q

In males the urethral sphincter…

A

also extends through the pelvic diaphragm, but stops at the base of the prostate

36
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?

A

Sacral spinal nerve plexus

37
Q

What do the sensory nerve branches of the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Lower anus, perineum, and external genitalia

38
Q

What do the motor nerve branches of the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Anal sphincter, small perineal muscles including the urethral sphincter, the pelvic diaphragm.

39
Q

Where does the autonomic nervouse supply pass through to get to the genitalia?

A

Directly from the interior of the pelvis to the pelvic diaphragm

40
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation to the genitalia arise from?

A

Lower thoracic / Upper lumbar

41
Q

Where does the parasympathetic innervation to the genitalia arise from?

A

Sacral S2-4

42
Q

Where do the testes and parts of the scrotum recieve their nerve supply from? Why?

A

Recieve nerve supplies directly from the lumbar levels and pelvic autonomic plexi via spermatic cord. Due to testes descending dragging diffrerent nerves w/ them. (Parts of labia majora supplied in similar way.)

43
Q

Describe the blood supply to the genitalia

A

Homologous in both sexes:

Common Iliac branches into internal and external iliac. Femoral branches off external iliac and pudendal branches off internal iliac

44
Q

Compare the male pelvis to the female pelvis

A
  • More heart shaped,
  • Greater anterior-posterior rather than lateral dimensions
  • Has more vertical iliac crests
  • More acute infrapubic angle
  • Inward directed ischial spines, sacrum and coccyx

Reproduction (13 decks)

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