Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Neuro/Endocrinology and Hormones > Flashcards

Neuro/Endocrinology and Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How do water soluble hormones trnasport in the blood and what is their half-life?

A

Circulate freely in blood

The shortest half-life

  • Catecholamines: seconds
  • Protein/peptides: minutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to lipid and thyroid hormones transport around body and what are their half lives?

A

Reversibly bind to blood bourne transport proteins.

Steroid/thryoid hormones half life = hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are intracellular recpetors of cell membrane receptors faster?

A

Cell membrance receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Brief description of intracellular receptor and action?

A
  1. Diffuses across membrane
  2. Bind lipid soluble hormone
  3. Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA sites
  4. Gene activation/deactivation
  5. Cell response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the intracellular receptors for steroids?

A

Cytoplasm and nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are the intracellular receptors for thyroid hormones?

A

Nucelus and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brief description of events in FSHR G Protein-coupled receptor and signal transduction

A
  1. FSH bind to receptor-> G Prot activated (GTP replaced GDP)
  2. Active G Prot activates adenylate cyclase
  3. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to PPi + cAMP (2nd messenger)
  4. cAMP acts on behalf of FSH
  5. cAMP changes activity of protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme
  6. PKA phosphorylates target proteins and induces cell response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does a target cell response depend on?

A

receptor affinity

number of receptors

hormone (ligand) concentration

receptor up and down regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 ways to terminate a hormonal signal (not positive or negative feedback)

A
  • receptor desensitisation
  • receptor canalisation (endocytosis)
  • second messenger degradation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nuclei from the hypothalamus release neurohormones in the primary capillary plexus in the hypophyseal portal system?

A

Paraventricular

Medial pre-optic

Arcuate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nuclei from the hypothalamus have their axons in the hypothalamo hypophyseal tract releasing neurotransmitter in the posterior pituitary?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

Supra-optic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the anterior pituititary develop?

A

Evagination of the oropharynx ectoderm toward the brain, “Rathke’s pouch”

Rathke’s pouch gives rise to:

o pars distalis

o pars intermedia

o pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the posterior pituitary develop?

A

derived from a downgrowth of the neuroectoderm of brain floor

 proximal part – infundibulum & distal part – pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The adrenal cortex secretes ___ Hormones

A

Corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

Mineralcorticoids: aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Zona fasciculata secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids: cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What doesthe Zona reticularis secrete?

A

Sex steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What ‘weak’ androgens does the zona reticularis secrete?

A

Androstenedione

dehydroepiandrosterone (DEHA)

Small amount oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What would hypersecretion in the zona reticularis cause?

A

Androgenital syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is kispeptin 1 made in humans?

A

Infundibulum

22
Q

Where are Kisspeptin receptor found?

A

On GnRH-containing neurons in hypothalamic median eminence

23
Q

What is the molecular type for hypothalamic neurohormones?

A

Peptides

24
Q

What is the moecular type of FSH?

A

Glycoprotein

25
Q

What is the molecular type of LH

A

glycoprotein

26
Q

What is the source of LH and FSH in the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars distalis, gonadotrope cells

27
Q

What is the molecular type of prolactin?

A

Protein

28
Q

What is the source of prolactin in the anterior pituitar?

A

Pars distalis, lactotrope/mammotrope cells

29
Q

What are the target tissues of prolactin?

A

Breasts, uterus and thymus

30
Q

What is the molecular type for Adrenocorticotrophic hormone?

A

Protein

31
Q

What is the source of ACTH in the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars distalis, corticotrope cells

32
Q

What is the molecular type of oxytocin?

A

Small peptide neurohormone and neurotransmitter

33
Q

What are the sources of oxytocin?

A

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, posterior pituitary

Uterus and fetus

34
Q

What is the molecular type of Oestradiol 17-beta (E2)

A

Steroid, lipid

35
Q

What are the sources of oestrogen?

A

Granulosa cells

Sertoli cells

Placenta (oestriol)

Adipose (oestrone)

Liver

Brain

36
Q

What is the molecular type of progestagens, mainly progesterone?

A

Steroid, lipid

37
Q

What are the sources of progesterone?

A

Ovarian theca and luteal cells

placenta

38
Q

What is the molecular type of androgen?

A

Steroid, lipid

39
Q

What are the sources of androgens?

A

Theca cells

Leydig cells

Adrenal zona reticularis

prostate

40
Q

What is the molecular type of GH?

A

Protein

41
Q

What is the source of GH in the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars distalis, somatotrope cells

42
Q

What is the molecular type of TSH?

A

Lipid soluble catchecholamine

43
Q

What is the source of TSH in the anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis, thyrotrope cells

44
Q

What is the molecular type of melanin stimulatin hormone?

A

Protein

45
Q

What is the source of melanin stimulating hormone inn the anterior pituitary

A

Pars intermedia, corticotrope cells

46
Q

What is the molecular type of ADH?

A

Small peptide neurohormone

47
Q

What is the source of ADH?

A

Supraoptic nuclei released by posterior pituitary

48
Q

What are the molecular types of adrenaline/noradrenaline

A

Tyrosine-derived-catecholamines

49
Q

What si the molecular type of aldosterone?

A

Catecholamine mineralcocorticoid

50
Q

What is the source of aldosterone

A

Adrenal zona glomerulosa

51
Q

What is the molecular type of inuslin?

A

Protein

52
Q

What is the molecular type of glucagon?

A

protein

Reproduction (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions