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Health And Human Development > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

The new cell that is created after fertilisation

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2
Q

Blastocyst

A

A cluster of cells in which some cell differentiation has occurred

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3
Q

Endometrium

A

The lining of the uterus wall

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4
Q

Chorion

A

The membrane surrounding the foetus that contributes to the formation of the placenta

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5
Q

Neonate

A

An infant less then 4 weeks old

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6
Q

Apgar scale

A

As assessment of how a baby is doing at birth

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7
Q

Fontanelles

A

A space between the bones of the skull in an infants head

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8
Q

Mortality

A

Number of deaths

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9
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of cases of a particular disease present in a population at a given time

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10
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of a disease in a population during a given period

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11
Q

Pregnancy stages

A

germinal, Embryonic, foetal

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12
Q

Germinal stage timing

A

Fertilisation- plantation (0-2 weeks)

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13
Q

Germinal stage features

A

Ovulation- intercourse- fertilisation- mitosis- implantation

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14
Q

Embryonic stage timing

A

Implantation- 8th week (3-8 weeks)

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15
Q

Embryonic stage features

A

Characterised by cell differentiation and its the critical stage.
Most organs and system are formed (brain, spinal cord, neural tube ).
Limbs finger and toes develop

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells become different cells, some become the placenta, others become the embryo- heart skin or bone cells

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17
Q

Embryonic stage risks

A

Teratogens such as alcohol, drugs, medicine or smoking

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18
Q

Teratogen

A

Am atmospheric pollutant that can cause birth defects such as rubella

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19
Q

Foetal stage timing

A

9th week til birth (9-40 weeks )

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20
Q

Foetal stage features

A

Rapid growth. All organs and systems are formed, sex organs begin to take place (15 week), movement occurs and the senses begin to function (25th weeks)

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21
Q

Maturation

A

Unfolding of genetic potentials

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22
Q

Placenta

A

Connects the foetus to the uterine wall of the mother, providing the foetus with nutrients and oxygen and removing its waste products

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23
Q

Stages of labour

A

Labour, birth, placenta

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24
Q

Labour

A 
Water breaks- contractions occur- dilation of the cervix occurs.
LONGEST STAGE (8-12 hours)
25
Q

Birth

A

Foetus moves through the birth canal and the mum assists my pushing. Once the baby comes out the umbilical cord is cut

26
Q

Placenta

A

To remove the placenta a few contractions occur and it dislodges from the uterus

27
Q

Health issues

A

Maternal mortality, foetal mortality, prenatal morbidity and maternal morbidity

28
Q

Maternal mortality

A

The deaths among women who are pregnant where the cause of death is attributed to the pregnancy itself. Causes are cardiovascular conditions and haemorrhage(dont Always lead to death)

29
Q

Prenatal morbidity

A

Conditions that may be diagnosed in unborn babies include neural tube defects and Down syndrome

30
Q

Neural tube defects

A

A group of conditions that occur when the neural tube doesn’t fuse completely.
Spina bifida, anencephaly, encephalocele

31
Q

NTD- Spina bifida

A

Occurs when part of the neural tube fails to fuse. The bones the develop into the spine are unable to form properly, leading to an opening in part of the spine

32
Q

Anencephaly

A

When the neural tube doesn’t close at the head and the top part of the brain, skull and scalp are missing

33
Q

Encephalocele

A

When part of the brain is pushed through an opening in the skull

34
Q

Down syndrome

A

Condition cause by a chromosomal abnormality. An extra chromosome produces a number of symptoms including slant of the eyes, flat round face, smaller and slow intellectual development

35
Q

Maternal morbidity

A

Gestational diabetes, mental health, pre-eclampsia and ectopic pregnancy

36
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Characterised by blood glucose levels. Starts during pregnancy and results from the body’s impaired ability to metabolise blood glucose

37
Q

Mental health

A

Depression has usually been associated with the period after birth

38
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

Disorder of pregnancy characterised by hypertension, protein in the urine and fluid retention. Leading to swollen hands, feet and face

39
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

When the embryo implants itself somewhere in the mothers reproductive system other then the uterus

40
Q

Foetal mortality

A

The death of babies over 20 weeks gestation or weighing at least 400 grams. Congenital abnormalities, unexplained antepartum death, spontaneous preterm births and maternal conditions

41
Q

Congenital abnormalities

A

Result from missing or I’ll formed body structures (birth defects)

42
Q

Unexplained antepartum births

A

Babies who show no signs of life

43
Q

Spontaneous preterm births

A

When labour begins without medical intervention between the 20th and 37th week of pregnancy

44
Q

Maternal conditions

A

I’ll health of the mother that contributes to the death of the foetus

45
Q

Health issues of Australian women and their unborn babies

A

Genetics, maternal nutrition, maternal vaccination and alcohol consumption

46
Q

Genetics

A

Genetics play the most significant role in the health and development of unborn babies because it determines everything about them. 50% from mum 50% from dad

47
Q

Maternal nutrition

A

Important because it prepares the mothers body to support new life. Women need to consume a well balanced diet to meet their own needs and their babies needs

48
Q

Folate

A

Protects against neural tube defects

49
Q

Iodine

A

Important for healthy development of the brain and nervous system

50
Q

Iron

A

Needed for haemoglobin that carries oxygen around the body

51
Q

Calcium

A

Required for the formation of the teeth and bones

52
Q

Maternal vaccination

A

Vaccinations help protect a women and her unborn baby from a number of diseases such as rubella, chickenpox and mumps

53
Q

Alcohol consumption

A

Alcohol crosses the placenta and can be detrimental to foetal health. Alcohol consu,prion can lead to LBW, CNS damage, mental retardation or face abnormalities

54
Q

Trimester

A

The pregnancy period divides by 3

55
Q

LBW

A

Babies born less then 2.5kg

56
Q

Foetal mortality trend

A

In 2012, the foetal death rate per 1000 total births ranged from 6.4 for babies of mothers aged 25-29

57
Q

NTD trend

A

There has been a small decline in overall prevalence of NTDs per 10000 births between 1998 and 2008

58
Q

Maternal mortality

A

Between 2006-2010 maternal mortality rates for aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders were more then 3 times as high for other women

Health And Human Development (8 decks)

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