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Health And Human Development > Mid Year Exam > Flashcards

Mid Year Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Burden of Disease

A

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries and the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.

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2
Q

Definition of physical health

A

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems
Eg.

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3
Q

Definition of mental health

A

State of wellbeing in which the individual realises their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to contribute to the community. Eg. Feelings, self esteem

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4
Q

Definition of social health

A

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and co operative way. Eg. Friends

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5
Q

Causes of death for youth

A

Injuries, poisoning, cancer, cardiovascular disease and diseases of the nervous system. Injuries are things such as car accidents, self harm, drowning or violence

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6
Q

Mental health as a youth concern

A

Bad mental health such as, feeling sad, having a low self esteem, low confidence levels and lots of stress is a health concern because it can lead to depression and sometimes death.

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7
Q

Inter relationship of health and development

Broken leg

A

P: can be physically active meaning fitness levels reduce and gain weight could occur.
M: could become depressed about missing out on school, sport etc.
S: could make friends in the hospital

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8
Q

Health —> development

A

M: can affect and individual because they may find it hard/easy to make friends based on how they’re feeling.
P: can affect physical development because if someone has type 2 diabetes it can cause them to gain weight.
S: can affect social development because they may find it hard to make friends.

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9
Q

Development —> health

A

P: affect social health because they may develop before their friends.
I: affect mental health because they may not understand certain concepts.
E: affect physical health because they might get sick from being depressed.
S: affect mental health because they might be happy with their friendships

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10
Q

Puberty timing

A

Boys: between 10-15
Girls: between 8-13

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11
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction

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12
Q

PSC females

A

First ovulation, first menstruation, ovaries, clitoris, vagina, uterus and labia increase in size.

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13
Q

PSC Boys

A

First ejaculation, testes start to produce sperm and penis grows

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14
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Traits arising from changes in both makes and females at puberty

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15
Q

SSC females

A

Oily skin, body hair, increased fat to muscle ration, breasts develop, hips widen.

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16
Q

SSC males

A

Oily skin, body hair, voice lowers, shoulders broaden, increased muscle mass

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17
Q

BMI

A

Calculated by weight (kg)/ height (m)2

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18
Q

Determinants of health definition

A

Factors that raise or lower the level of health in a population or individual

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19
Q

Biological determinants definition

A

Concerned with the body’s cells, tissues, organs and systems and how they function

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20
Q

Biological determinants

A

Genetics, body weight, hormone change

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21
Q

Behavioural determinants definition

A

The actions or patterns of living of an individual or group that affect health

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22
Q

Behavioural determinants

A

Sun protection, physical activity, sexual practices, drug abuse, smoking, alcohol, skills in developing and maintaining friendships and seeking help from health professionals

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23
Q

Rights and responsibilities of youth

A

Rights: right to live in a safe home with personal space, have clean drinking water, and have access to an education.
Responsibilities: wearing sunscreen, saying no to peer pressure, safe sexual practices

24
Q

Physical environment definition

A

The physical surrounding in which we live, work, and play

25
Q

Physical environment

A

Smoking in the home, housing environment, work environment, access to recreational facilities

26
Q

Social environment definition

A

Aspects of society that impact on health.

27
Q

Social environment

A

Family cohesion, media, SES, community participation and access to education.

28
Q

Family cohesion definition

A

The bonds between family members

29
Q

Family cohesion PMS

A

P: if a family doesn’t encourage a child to participate in physical activity or to eat healthy it was cause them to gain weight.
M: if a family isn’t close it can cause kids to become sad or depressed.
S: if the family is close them a child might be reliant on their family, if not, friends will fill this role.

30
Q

Biological determinants links to health

A

Genetics: freckles and pale skin can lead to skin cancer. Tall genes can lead to joint pain.
Hormone: males can get prostate cancer and females ovarian cancer. Females also at risk of osteoporosis after menopause due to lack of oestrogen.
Body weight: people can get sick due to over/under eating. Develop type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or joint injury(p) depression anxiety (m) bullying (s)

31
Q

Biological determinants links to development

A

Hormones: girl usually develop quicker then boys.
Genetics: early, late developers.
Body weight: body type

32
Q

Definiton of health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

33
Q

Protein

A

Builds, repairs and maintains body cells.

Eg. Meat, fish, eggs and nuts

34
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provides majority of an individual’s energy needs

35
Q

Calcium

A

Builds bones and hard tissue.

Eg. Milk, cheese and yoghurt

36
Q

Short term consequences of fibre deficiencies

A

Elevated cholesterol, weight gain, high blood pressure, constipation and over eating

37
Q

Short term consequences of vitamin A deficiencies

A

Poor immune system, become sick, from bacteria infections

38
Q

Short term consequences of vitamin c deficiencies

A

Lack of iron, poor tissue structure

39
Q

Long term consequences of calcium deficiencies

A

Osteoporosis, reduced bone density

40
Q

Long term consequences of fat deficiencies

A

Increased process of atherosclerosis, increased levels of LDL in the blood, increased levels of stroke and heart attack

41
Q

Food selection models

A

Australian guidelines to healthy eating, the healthy eating pyramid

42
Q

Australian guidelines to healthy eating: developed

A

Developed by the Australian government

43
Q

Australian guidelines to healthy eating: structure

A

Pie chart: 5 sections are, carbs, fruits, vegetables, meat and other products, milk and other products

44
Q

Australian guidelines to healthy eating: purpose

A

Provides nutrition advice with the aim of reducing short and long term consequences of nutrition imbalances

45
Q

Australian guidelines to healthy eating: strengths

A

Shows what foods are in each section, shows the proportions of foods that should be consumed, and it has recommendations to eat fats in small amounts and drink lots of water

46
Q

Australian guidelines to healthy eating: weakness

A

Doesn’t show exact amount of what people should eat

47
Q

Healthy eating pyramid: produced

A

Nutrition Australia

48
Q

Healthy eating pyramid: structure

A

Pyramid with 4 sections, top: fats, 2nd: dairy and protein, 3rd: grains, bottom: fruit and vegetable

49
Q

Healthy eating pyramid: purpose

A

Helps people select foods that provide us with a balanced diet and recognises the role of exercise in good health

50
Q

Healthy eating pyramid: strengths

A

Guide people in having a balanced diet

51
Q

Healthy eating pyramid: weakness

A

Doesn’t provide proportions for specific age groups

52
Q

Emotional development

A

The development of a full range of emotions and the optimal way in dealing with them

53
Q

Definition of individual human development

A

The series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from conception til death

54
Q

Definition of intellectual development

A

Development of processes in the brain such as thought, memory and knowledge

55
Q

Definition of physical development

A

Changes to the body and its systems

56
Q

Definition of social development

A

The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with others

Health And Human Development (8 decks)

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