Adult Health

Question 1

Australias health compared to other developed countries

Answer 1

Australia is at the higher end of the life expectancy scale with a life expectancy of 81.9.
We are equal third with Italy

Question 2

1st and 2nd place on the life expectancy scale

Answer 2

Japan is first with 83.4 and Switzerland is seconds with 82.3

Question 3

Last places in the life expectancy scale

Answer 3

United Kingdom with 80.2 and United States with 78.5

Question 4

Why is America the lowest?

Answer 4

Possible reasons for America having the lowest life expectancy is due to access to unhealthy food, gun violence, poverty and limited access to health care

Question 5

Health improvements over time

Answer 5

Discovery of the microscopic world, safe water and sanitation, immunisations, education and biomedical methods

Question 6

Discovery of the microscopic world

Answer 6

Identification of macrobes. Eg. Bacteria (infections, viruses eg. Measles, polio and tetanus.) and parasites (eg. Worms) that cause illness, deformity and death.

Treatments and preventions have been developed

Question 7

Safe water and sanitation.

Answer 7

Piping of water from its source to a safe location. (Eg. Home or community stand pipes) have decreased many water born illnesses such as chloera, malaria and worms.

Ensuring the removal of human wastes especially from drinking water sources has also helped

Question 8

Immunisations

Answer 8

Programs supported by governments to ensure contagious, communicable, infectious disease are kept under control

Question 9

Education

Answer 9

High literacy levels in a community mean that individuals and groups can access and use information. This is vital to good health

Question 10

Biomedical methods

Answer 10

Diagnosis, treatments and cure.

Doctors, hospitals, operations and medicines. The doctors are the power people. This is all costly to the community

Question 11

Health groups: men

Answer 11

More likely to work in hazardous jobs.
Experience higher rates of life threatening experiences.
Males die younger then females.
Males early mortality include prostate and lung cancer, stroke, suicide, chronic lower respiratory diseases.

Question 12

Why is men’s health status lower?

Answer 12

Poor health status of men is because they are more likely to avoid medical treatment

Question 13

Health groups: females

Answer 13

Women are less likely to be overweight.
Women have a increased prevalence of less threatening conditions such as arthritis and Alzheimers.
Females have high rates of illness and disability and are more likely to suffer from depression.

Question 14

Main causes of early mortality for women

Answer 14

Coronary heart disease, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s, lung and breast cancer

Question 15

Health groups: high socioeconomic status

Answer 15

Can afford an education, healthy foods and may have extra money to participate in physical activities

Question 16

Health groups: low socioeconomic status

Answer 16

The mortality rate for people with a lower socioeconomic status is 80% higher than other Australian adults.
Low SES can’t afford healthy food, health care or education

Question 17

Contributing factors to having a low SES

Answer 17

Increased smoking and alcohol consumption, sing overweight, consuming a poor diet and physical inactivity

Question 18

Health groups: indigenous Australians

Answer 18

Life expectancy rates are 11.5 years younger.

70% of indigenous are dying before age 65.

Question 19

Leading causes for lower life expectancy of indigenous are

Answer 19

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, injury and mental illness

Question 20

Contributing factors to indigenous poor health

Answer 20

Higher smoking rates, increased alcohol, and substance abuse, reduced access to high quality food supplies and health services, poorer housing facilities and lower levels of employment and education.

Question 21

Biomedical approach

Answer 21

Doctors are the power people

Question 22

Medicare

Answer 22

Is Australia’s compulsory, universal, public health care insurance scheme. 2% taxable income plus a surcharge if you don’t have private health insurance.

Question 23

Additional private health insurance

Answer 23

Ranges from $1000-$3000 per year which is mostly for private hospitals. It basically pays for a bed in a hospital if needed

Question 24

Pharmaceutical benefit scheme PBS

Answer 24

Provides essential medications to people who need them regardless of their ability to pay

Question 25

NHPAS

Answer 25

A collaboration of the 3 levels of governments that identified the diseases.
They encourage the development of initiatives that act to support and inform the population.

Question 26

NHPAS aim

Answer 26

Recognise the determinants of health and ultimately lowering rates of disease and BOD

Question 27

Morbidity

Answer 27

I’ll health in an individual and the ill health levels in the population

Question 28

Mortality

Answer 28

Deaths in a population

Question 29

Burden of disease

Answer 29

Measures the gap between current health status and the ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and illness