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Nutrition and Food Science > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is more energy important during pregnancy?

A
  • for growth of the foetus
  • For tissue synthesis
  • Maternal fat deposition
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2
Q

Why is iron important in pregnancy?

A
  • Foetal growth and development
  • Blood lost through delivery
  • Expansion of maternal tissue
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3
Q

Why is vitamin C important during pregnancy?

A

This helps to absorb the iron

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4
Q

What will occur if you have a low intake of folate/ folic acid?

A

Increased risk of NTD, miscarriage, stillbirth

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5
Q

Why is protein vital during pregnancy?

A
  • Growth of maternal tissues
  • Development of the foetus
  • Milk production
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6
Q

Why is vitamin A encouraged to be avoided during pregnancy?

A

Linked to birth defects
Toxic to the unborn baby
Increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth & NTD

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7
Q

Why is it important to take a supplement of folate?

A

Lowers risk of -

  • Stillbirth
  • Prematurity
  • Low birth weight
  • Megaloblastic anaemia
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8
Q

What is folates main function during pregnancy?

A

Rapid cell division

Reduce risk of NTD

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9
Q

A deficiency in zinc during pregnancy can lead to…

A
  • Slow growth

- Prolonged Labour

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10
Q

Why is vitamin D important during pregnancy?

A

Provides store for the foetus

Mothers body adapts to increase vit D absorption

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11
Q

What will a deficiency in Vitamin D lead to in the foetus?

A

Rickets

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12
Q

3 food safety guidelines pregnant women should follow:

A
  • Cook food thoroughly and until piping hot
  • Store all food at the correct temperature (fridge 5 degrees, freezer -18 degrees)
  • Avoid cross contamination
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13
Q

What is listeriosis?

A

flu like illness caused by bacteria

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14
Q

What can listeriosis lead to during pregnancy?

A

Miscarriages, still birth, or severe illness of the new born

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15
Q

Examples of food that listeriosis is often found in?

A

Pate, soft and blue veined cheese

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16
Q

What guidelines should be followed to avoid listeriosis?

A

Cook food until piping hot
Wash fruit and veg
Avoid ready meals

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17
Q

What is toxoplasmosis?

A

An illness caused by a parasite

18
Q

What is toxoplasmosis found in?

A

cat faeces
Unpasteurised goats milk/ cheese
Raw meat

19
Q

Can toxoplasmosis be toxic?

A

Yes it can lead to severe illness in the new born

20
Q

What are some guidelines pregnant women should follow?

A

Don’t eat raw or uncooked meat
Don’t consume unpasteurised goats milk and goats cheese
Follow good hygiene in the kitchen
Avoid contact with cat litter trays

21
Q

What is salmonella?

A

Food poisoning that occurs due to consuming raw meat, poultry or eggs

22
Q

Is this dangerous for the baby?

A

Not likely to have a direct adverse effect on the developing foetus

23
Q

What are some symptoms of salmonella?

A

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

24
Q

3 guidelines to avoid salmonella:

A

Wash hands after touching raw meat
Avoid cross - contamination
Ensure all food is cooked thoroughly

25
Q

What is campylobacter?

A

Group of pathogenic organisms which are a common cause of food poisoning

26
Q

What can campylobacter lead to during pregnancy?

A

Spontaneous abortion
Stillbirth
Neonatal death

27
Q

3 guidelines to avoid campylobacter:

A

Avoid raw and under cooked meat
Don’t drink unpasteurised milk
Avoid untreated water

28
Q

Why should you avoid shark and sword fish during pregnancy?

A

High levels of mercury - harm developing nervous system

29
Q

Why should oily fish be restricted to 2 portions a week?

A

Contain dioxins which are pollutants and can be a risk to health

30
Q

What severe effect can alcohol have on a developing foetus?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder

31
Q

What does teratogenic mean?

A

Toxic effects

32
Q

Why is alcohol fatal to the developing foetus?

A
  • foetus’ liver cannot filter out toxins from the alcohol - damage to brain cells, nervous system and increased risk of FAS
33
Q

What will FAS result in?

A 
Small stature
Distinctive facial abnormalities 
Learning difficulties 
Physical disabilities (heart problems, limb damage, kidney damage)
Immunodeficiency  
Slow postnatal growth
34
Q

What is the link with binge drinking during pregnancy?

A

Low reproductive success - sperm quality reduced in men

35
Q

Alcohol increases the risk of…

A

Low birth weight babies

Increased risk of NTD

36
Q

Why is game encouraged to be avoided during pregnancy?

A

Could contain levels of led (pellet)

37
Q

Why is caffeine intake encouraged to be reduced during pregnancy?

A

Could result in LBW
Miscarriage
Problems later in life

38
Q

Why are peanuts often encouraged to be restricted during pregnancy?

A

Could increase risk of an allergy

39
Q

What will low weight gain prior to pregnancy increase risk of?

A 
Fertility success reduced 
LBW baby
Premature delivery
Stunted growth 
Baby is nutrient deficient 
Stillbirth 
Foetal abnormalities
40
Q

What will excessive weight gain prior to pregnancy increase the risk of?

A 
Pre-eclampsia in mother 
Hypertension in mother 
Diabetes in mother 
Obesity in baby
Prolonged labour 
Increases risk of miscarriage, stillbirth
41
Q

What is macrosomia?

A

When a baby is significantly larger than normal, increased risk of birth injury

42
Q

What is pre-eclampsia?

A

leads to rapid rise in blood pressure

risk of - seizure, stroke, organ failure, death of mother and baby

Nutrition and Food Science (15 decks)

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