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Nutrition and Food Science > Nutrient Requirements > Flashcards

Nutrient Requirements Flashcards

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1
Q

What are DRV’s?

A

A series of estimates of the amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy people in the UK population

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2
Q

What type of people are DRV’s aimed at?

A

Healthy people

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3
Q

What is the first type of estimate?

A

Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI)

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4
Q

What is RNI used for?

A

Protein, vitamins and minerals

Estimate of the amount that should meet the needs of most of the groups to which they apply

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5
Q

What is the second estimate?

A

Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)

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6
Q

What is EAR used for?

A

For energy

50% of the population will require more and 50% require less

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7
Q

What is the third estimate?

A

Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI)

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8
Q

What is LRNI used for?

A

Not enough for most people, for people who have a low requirement

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9
Q

When is safe intake used?

A

When there is insufficient evidence to set an RNI, EAR, LRNI

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10
Q

What are nutritional requirements?

A

The amount of each nutrient needed/ required

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11
Q

How do they differ/ vary?

A

Each nutrient has a different function and larger amounts of certain nutrients are required

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12
Q

Give examples of how different nutrients are needed in different quantities:

A

Protein is needed in grams

Vitamin C is needed in milligrams

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13
Q

Individual requirements of each nutrient are related to a person’s …

A 
Age 
Gender 
Level of physical activity
State of health
Utilisation of nutrients 
Absorption of nutrients
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14
Q

What does COMA stand for?

A

Committee On Medical Aspects of food and nutrition policy

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15
Q

Who has COMA now been superseded by?

A

SACN - Scientific Advisory Committee on nutrition

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16
Q

What nutrients are they reviewing first?

A

Those that cause concern such as Iron, selenium, folate and vitamin D

17
Q

What are the main population groups that have been set?

A

Males/ Females

18
Q

Why were SACN asked to review energy requirements?

A

The evidence base has moved on substantially and the levels of overweight and obesity in the UK has risen sharply

19
Q

What are the EAR for pregnant women?

A

Increases by 0.8 a day but only in the final 3 months of pregnancy

20
Q

When planning a diet for a group what should the aim be?

A

The RNI should be used

21
Q

What are the EAR for energy used on?

A

Present lifestyle and activity levels in the UK
They are based on current activity levels - low
EAR’s for higher and lower levels

22
Q

Why do some individuals become obese?

A

Take in more energy than they burn of leading to weight gain

23
Q

Why is there a concern that many children are now obese?

A

They will have a shorter life expectancy

They are at risk of developing diseases such as CVD, Diabetes

24
Q

Why is being active a good choice if you want to lose weight rather than cutting down on food intake?

A

Reduces risk of going short on certain nutrients

25
Q

What is the first use of DRV’S and EAR’S?

A

For food labelling

26
Q

What are the new regulations on food labelling?

A

Must provide information on energy, total fat, saturated fat, carbs, sugars, protein and salt

27
Q

What is the 2nd use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

Guide the consumer on what to eat and help them make healthy dietary choices

28
Q

What is the 3rd use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

Targets for nutrient intake at population level
These are estimates not exact recommendations
Show the amount of nutrients that specific groups of people need for good health

29
Q

What is the 4th use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

Nutrient recommendations are typically targets for the nutrient intakes of an individual

30
Q

What is the 5th use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

The distribution of nutrient intakes among the population is considered more important than a fixed recommended intake level

31
Q

What is the 6th use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

They are for use of the healthcare professional and policymakers

32
Q

Why is this?

A

It is difficult to apply to individual diets

33
Q

What is the 7th use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

Considered in the setting of regulations for feeding programs
e.g. those with dietary disorders
For use in setting standards for feeding in group facilities (nursing homes, prisons)

34
Q

What is the 8th use of DRV’s and EAR’s?

A

When evaluating diets in relation to energy it should be noted that the recommendation for energy is in the form of an EAR as it will vary between individuals due to differences in energy output and BMR.

35
Q

What does this mean?

A

Each individual uses different amounts of energy due to lifestyle and occupations.

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