Prefinal - Unit C 2 Flashcards
is right lower-quadrant pain that is produced with the patient extends the hip due to inflammation of the peritoneum overlying the psoas muscles and inflammation of the psoas muscles themselves.
Psoas sign
Straightening out the leg causes pain because it stretches the muscles, and flexing the hip into the “fetal position” relieves the pain.
Either lift the skin or stimulate the skin with gentle jabbing with a sterile pin
Indicates a zone of peritoneal irritation
RLQ– appendicitis
Mid Epigastrium – peptic ulcer
Cutaneous Hypersensitivity
is elicited in patients with acute cholecystitis by asking the patient to take in and hold a deep breath while palpating the right subcostal area
Murphy’s Sign
is a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Lice or nits (eggs) at the base of the pubic indicate infestation with ___. This condition commonly referred to as “crabs” is most often transmitted by sexual contact.
pediculosis pubis
The vagina is tilted typically at a ___° angle posteriorly.
45
is a mucus-secreting gland, which plays a role in vaginal lubrication
Bartholin gland
At this stage, cancer is confined to the cervix. Substage IA involves a microscopic diagnosis, meaning cancer cells can only be seen under a microscope. Substage IB involves a visible tumor that is confined to the cervix.
Stage I (Early Stage):
Cancer has spread beyond the cervix but is still confined to the pelvic area. Substage IIA indicates cancer has spread to the upper part of the vagina, but not to the tissues next to the uterus. Substage IIB indicates the tumor has invaded nearby tissues beside the uterus but has not spread to the pelvic wall.
Stage II (Locally Advanced):
Cancer has spread to the lower part of the vagina or to the walls of the pelvis. Substage IIIA indicates cancer has spread to the lower part of the vagina but not to the pelvic wall. Substage IIIB indicates cancer has spread to the pelvic wall or the tumor has caused kidney problems.
Stage III (Regionally Advanced):
Cancer has spread beyond the pelvic area to distant organs like the bladder, rectum, or even other parts of the body. Substage IVA involves cancer spreading to the bladder or rectum. Substage IVB involves distant metastasis, where cancer has spread to other organs like the lungs or bones.
Stage IV (Advanced):
Fundus is large in the upper end of the uterus and is round, firm, and smooth.
An enlarged uterus and irregular shape suggest pregnancy or a tumor (myoma).
Prepubertal; no public hair and genitals proportionally the same as in childhood.
Stage 1:
Sparse hair growth at the base of the penis slightly darkened. The scrotum and testes enlarge; the scrotum thins and reddens.
Stage 2:
Hair growth darker, more coarse, and curled across the mons pubis. Penis grows in length and the testes and scrotum continue to grow.
Stage 3:
Hair growth is more dense; coarse and curly like in an adult, but not yet spread to the inner thighs. Penis continues to grow; the glans (head) of the penis becomes more prominent. The scrotum darkens.
Stage 4:
Hair growth extends to the inner thighs. Genitalia reach adult size and shape.
Stage 5:
is defined as the inability to retract the skin (foreskin or prepuce) covering the head (glans) of the penis.
Phimosis
is the type of scrotal swelling that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath that surrounds the testicle.
Hydrocele
is inflammation of the epididymis, usually caused by an infection.
Epididymitis
this is a blood clot caused by trauma or injury to the testicles or scrotum.
Haematocele
is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds the testicles (scrotum).
A varicocele
is a collection of blood under the surface of the skin at the edge of the anal opening
Perianal Haematoma
also called fistula-in-ano — is a tunnel that develops between the inside of the anus and the outside skin around the anus
Anal Fistula
Anal Hemorrhoids Gradient: Prominent hemorrhoidal vessels, no prolapse.
Grade I
Anal Hemorrhoids Gradient: Prolapsed hemorrhoids with Valsalva maneuver; spontaneously reduces.
Grade II
Anal Hemorrhoids Gradient: Prolapsed hemorrhoids with Valsalva maneuver; manual reduction is required.
Grade III
Anal Hemorrhoids Gradient: Chronically prolapsed hemorrhoids; manual reduction is ineffective
Grade IV
involves forcefully exhaling against a closed airway, typically by closing the mouth and pinching the nose shut while attempting to exhale. This maneuver increases pressure in the chest and abdominal cavities, which can have various effects on the body.
Valsalva maneuver
a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by a long muscle contraction on one side
SPASTIC GAIT
Legs flexed slightly at the hips and knees like crouching, with the knees and thighs hitting or crossing in a scissors-like
SCISSORS GAIT
a stooped, stiff posture with the head and neck bent forward
PROPULSIVE GAIT
foot drop where the foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the LEG higher than
STEPPAGE GAIT
duck-like walk that may appear in childhood
WADDLING GAIT
is a simple test of balance recovery.. Subjects stand with feet close together. The examiner pushes with light even pressure over the sternum three times.
Nudge Test
is a type of degenerative disease that affects your neck. Normally, soft disks between your vertebrae, and the bones in your spine, provide cushioning. These disks become compressed.
Cervical spondylosis
is a physical examination used in family medicine, physical medicine, and rehabilitation, rheumatology to measure the ability of a patient to flex the lower back.
Schober’s test
A provocative test used in the diagnosis of CTS. This occurs when the median nerve is compressed or squeezed at the wrist.
Phalen’s Test
Tingling or numbness radiating into the fingers (especially the palmar surface) indicates a positive test for median and/or radial nerve impairment
A test for carpal tunnel syndrome. A way to detect irritated nerves.
Tinel’s Test
Tinel’s sign is positive when lightly banging (percussing) over the nerve elicits a sensation of tingling, or pins and needles, in the distribution of the nerve.
to detect amounts of fluid in the knee.
Bulge Test
Gently press just medial of the patella, then move the hand in an ascending motion. Then press firmly on the lateral aspect of the knee. Commonly, no fluid will be appreciated. A medial aspect that ‘bulges’ out after lateral pressure (positive “bulge sign”) is consistent with a moderate amount of fluid.
