Physical Examination - 3 Flashcards
___ is a common vision condition in which the client can see objects that are near.
Nearsightedness (myopia)
___ is the gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects.
Presbyopia (farsightedness)
Measures peripheral vision compared to the examiner (assuming the examiner’s vision is normal)
Both examiner and patient cover one eye with a card, stand about 2 feet away, and maintain eye contact
Confrontation test
(damage of optic nerve)
Glaucoma
Muscles of the Eye:
Superior rectus muscle
Lateral Rectus Muscle
Inferior Rectus Muscle
Inferior Oblique Muscle
Medial Rectus Muscle
Superior Oblique Muscle
Eye Motion:
Introsion
Extrosion
Elevation
Depression
Adduction
Abduction
Paralysis of the lateral rectus due to damage to the abducent nerve leads to a ___
Medial Squint.
- Dropping of the Eyelid.
Ptosis
Look laterally and upward
Inferior Oblique -
Look laterally and downward
Inferior Oblique -
Look laterally
Lateral rectus -
Look medially
Medial rectus -
Look medially and upward
Superior rectus -
Look medially and downward
Inferior rectus -
The ___ test (also known as the corneal light reflex test) is a quick and simple way to check ocular alignment. This is also used as an initial screening for ___.
Hirschberg
strabismus
In ___, the covered eye will deviate toward hetrophoric position.
Hetrophoria
This is to test also which cranial nerves?
the CN III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), and VI (Abducens).
- Eyes that are always improperly aligned
- Always present
Tropia
- Eyes that have a tendency to misalign when fusion is interrupted
- only present some of the time
Phoria
- Upward deviation
Hyper
- Downward deviation
Hypo
Squint Eye ()
Strabismus
- eye turns inwards
Esotropia
- eye turns downwards
Hypotropia
- Inward deviation
Eso
- Outward deviation
Exo
- eye turns outwards
Exotropia
- eye turns upwards
Hypertropia
___ is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscles, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles.
Myasthenia gravis
Failure of lids to close completely may be indicative of ___ damage.
corneal
___ are raised yellow plaques located most often near the inner canthus and are normal with age and high lipid levels.
Xanthelasma
An inverted lower lid is a condition called ___, which may cause pain and can injure the cornea.
entropion
___ is when an inverted lower eyelid that results in exposure and drying of the conjunctiva.
Ectropion
Protrusion of the eyeballs (___) is significant in hyperthyroidism.
exophthalmosq
Redness of conjunctiva is significant to ___ or pink eye.
conjunctivitis
___ of the lower lid is significant with heart or lung disorders.
Cyanosis
___ are small, raised, and red bumps on the skin.
Pyogenic granulomas
___ are the tiny openings in your eyelids that drain tears from your eyes.
Puncta
Opacities of the lens are indicative of ___.
cataracts
___ is a progressive eye disease in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape combination of genetic susceptibility along with environmental and hormonal influences
Keratoconus
Pupils are normally ___ mm.
3 – 5
During the second month of fetal development, a seam-like structure (optic fissure) closes to form the eye. When it doesn’t fuse, it results in ___.
coloboma
When the client’s pupils dilate in an unusual way it is called ___ & when the iris constricts to cause very small or pinpoint pupils, it is called .
mydriasis
miosis
___ refers to the pupil of one eye that differs in size from the pupil of the other eye. Due to aneurysm/bleeding in the brain, head injury, brain tumor or abscess, excess pressure in one eye, and increased intracranial pressure
Anisocoria
Pupillary light reflex can distinguish between damage to CN ___ and damage to CN ___
CN II (the optic nerve)
CN III (the oculomotor nerve)
The ___ nerve controls the direct pupillary light reflex.
optic
The ___ nerve controls the consensual pupillary light reflex.
oculomotor
A ___ response is any reflex observed on one side of the body when the other side has been stimulated.
consensual
PERRLA
Pupils Equal Round and Responsive to Light and Accommodation
There is no canal, which is called ___
aural atresia
Complete absence of both the external ear and the ear canal,
also called “___”
anotia
___ is the appearance of non-tender, hard, cream-colored nodules containing uric acid crystal on the outer ear.
Tophi
___ is another name for a middle-ear infection. It means an infection behind your eardrum.
Massive otitis media
