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NCM132/RLE102 > II - Taking Vital Signs Part 2 > Flashcards

II - Taking Vital Signs Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the act of breathing. This involves external and internal types.

A

Respiration

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2
Q

____ respiration refers to the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and pulmonary blood.

A

External

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3
Q

____ respiration takes place throughout the body; it is the interchange of these same gases between the circulating blood and the cells of the body tissues.

A

Internal

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4
Q

Factors that may increase the respiratory rate:

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Stress
  3. Fever or increased environmental temperature
  4. Lowered O2 concentration at increased altitude
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5
Q

At high altitudes, there is less oxygen in the air. Meaning there is a relative shortage of oxygen or ___.

A

hypoxic

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6
Q

Factors that may decrease the respiratory rate:

A
  1. Decreased environmental temperature
  2. Medications: Narcotics
  3. Increased intracranial pressure
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7
Q

– normal breathing

A

Eupnea

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8
Q

Normal breathing sounds

A
  1. Vesicular breath sounds
    2. Bronchial breath sounds
    3. Broncho-vesicular breath sounds
    4. Tracheal breath sound
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9
Q

is a condition that refers to rapid breathing. The normal breathing rate for an average adult is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

A

Tachypnea

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10
Q

is an abnormally slow breathing rate. The normal breathing rate for an adult is typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.

A

Bradypnea

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11
Q

is breathing repeatedly stops and starts again or cessation of breathing.

A

Apnea

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12
Q

is an overexpansion of the lungs characterized by rapid and deep breathing.

A

Hyperventilation

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13
Q

is an under-expansion of the lungs characterized by shallow respirations.

A

Hypoventilation

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14
Q

Gradual increases and decreases in respirations with periods of apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes

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15
Q

Fine, short, interrupted.
Sound can be stimulated by rolling a lock of hair near the ear.

A

Crackles (rales)

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16
Q

Continuous, low-pitched, gurgling, harsh, louder sounds with moaning (complaining).

A

Gurgles (rhonchi)

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17
Q

Superficial grating (harsh) or creaking.

A

Friction rubs

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18
Q

High-pitched, squeaky (noisy) musical sounds.

A

Wheeze (expiration)

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19
Q

Rapid, deep respirations (gasps) with short pauses between sets.

A

Biot’s

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20
Q

Tachypnea and hyperpnea

A

Kussmaul’s

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21
Q

Prolonged inspiratory phase with shortened expiratory phases.

A

Apneustic

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22
Q

is difficult and labored breathing.

A

Dyspnea

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23
Q

is the ability to breathe only in an upright position.

A

Orthopnea

24
Q

is the presence of blood in the sputum.

A

Hemoptysis

25
Q

a cough accompanied by expectorated secretions.

A

Productive cough

26
Q

a dry, harsh cough without secretions.

A

Nonproductive cough

27
Q

is the force exerted by the blood against the vessel’s walls (arterial wall) which is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

28
Q

is the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles, and is the pressure of the height of the blood wave.

A

Systolic pressure

29
Q

is the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles, is the pressure of the height of the blood wave.

A

Systolic pressure

30
Q

is the pressure when the ventricles are at rest. this pressure is the lower pressure, present at all times within the arteries.

A

Diastolic pressure

31
Q

Are the “tapping” sounds heard with a stethoscope as the cuff is gradually deflated. These are classified into five different phases.

A

Korotkoff’s Sound:

32
Q

Age: Newborns have a mean systolic pressure of about ___ mm Hg. The pressure rises with age, reaching a peak at the onset of puberty, and then tends to decline somewhat.

A

75

33
Q

Exercise: Physical activity increases the cardiac output and hence the blood pressure, thus ___ minutes of rest following exercise is indicated before the resting blood pressure can be reliably assessed.

A

20 to 30

34
Q

Any condition affecting the cardiac output blood volume, blood viscosity and/or compliance of the arteries has a direct effect on the blood pressure.

A

Disease process:

35
Q

: A blood pressure that is persistently above normal.

A

Hypertension

36
Q

is an elevated blood pressure of unknown cause

A

Primary hypertension

37
Q

is an elevated blood pressure of known cause.

A

Secondary hypertension

38
Q

is a blood pressure that is below normal.

A

Hypotension

39
Q

is a blood pressure that falls when the client sits or stands.

A

Orthostatic hypotension

40
Q

is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

A

Pain

41
Q

– pain as a result of tissue or muscle injury
Examples include sprains, bone fractures, burns, bumps, bruises, inflammation (from an infection or arthritic disorder), obstructions, and myofascial pain (which may indicate abnormal muscle stresses).

A

Nociceptive pain

42
Q

– an abnormal inflammation caused by an inappropriate response by the body’s immune system.
It is the spontaneous response to pain when there is tissue damage and inflammation (e.g., postoperative pain, trauma, arthritis).

A

Inflammatory pain

43
Q

– pain caused by damage or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system.
Examples include neuralgia (pain in the nerve pathway), cancer pain, phantom limb pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and peripheral neuropathy (widespread nerve damage).

A

Neuropathic pain

44
Q

– pain without obvious physiologic origin, but can cause pain

A

Functional pain

45
Q

is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain.

A

Addiction

46
Q

happens when a person no longer responds to a drug in the way they did at first. So it takes a higher dose of the drug to achieve the same effect as when the person first used it.

A

Tolerance

47
Q

___ on a drug can be demonstrated by the presence of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not taken.

A

Physical dependence

48
Q

are clinical manifestations like nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, muscle twitching, profuse perspiration, delirium, and convulsions.

A

Withdrawal or abstinence syndrome

49
Q

PQRST Characteristics of Pain

A

P = Palliative, Provocative

Q = Quality

R = Radiation

S = Severity

T = Temporal

50
Q

What makes the pain better or worse?

A

P = Palliative, Provocative

51
Q

How is the pain described?

A

Q = Quality

52
Q

Does the pain travel or spread anywhere else? If so, where?

A

R = Radiation

53
Q

What is the intensity of the pain? (on a 0 - 10 scale)

A

S = Severity

54
Q

Is the pain constant or does it come and go?

A

T = Temporal

55
Q

___ assesses the level of pain in children who are too young to cooperate verbally. It can also be used in adults who are unable to communicate.

A

FLACC pain scale

NCM132/RLE102 (9 decks)

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