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NCM132/RLE102 > Physical Examination - 1 > Flashcards

Physical Examination - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

AVPU

A

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unconscious

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2
Q

For unconscious patients, we use the ___ scale (which measures how well the nervous system is working).

A

Glasgow Coma

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3
Q

For unconscious patients, we use the Glasgow Coma scale (which measures how well the nervous system is working).

A

Eye response
Verbal response
Motor response
Pupil response

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4
Q

Note normal ‘plumb’ line

A

Through the LOBE OF THE EAR
Through the SHOULDER JOINT
Midway through the TRUNK
Through the greater TROCHANTER OF FEMUR
Slightly anterior to a midline through the KNEE
Slightly anterior to LATERAL MALLEOLUS (by the ankle)

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5
Q

A flat distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide.

A

Maculae

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6
Q

a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid

A

Papule

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7
Q

a circumscribed, elevated, palpable lesion more than 1 cm in diameter.

A

Plaque / Patch

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8
Q

a raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin at times an overt sign of allergy.

A

Wheal

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9
Q

a sac that may be filled with air, fluid, or other material.

A

Cysts

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10
Q

tender, red swollen bumps

A

Nodules

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11
Q

abnormal mass of tissue that may be solid or fluid-filled.

A

Tumor (neoplasm)

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12
Q

a small fluid-filled sac within the body

A

Vesicle

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13
Q

large blister containing serous fluid.

A

Bulla

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14
Q

papules with yellowish, liquid pus.

A

Pustule

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15
Q

a thin piece of the outermost layer of skin resembling a fish scale.

A

Scale

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16
Q

dried exudate (ie. blood, serum, pus) on the skin surface.

A

Crusts

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17
Q

an increase in skin lines & increases from frequent rubbing

A

Lichenification

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18
Q

mark remaining (as on the skin) after injured tissue has healed.

A

Scar

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19
Q

is a loss of skin due to scratching or picking

A

Excoriation

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20
Q

is a linear crack in the skin; often very painful

A

Fissure

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21
Q

deep open wound with partial or complete loss of the dermis or submucosa

A

Ulceration

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22
Q

superficial open wound with loss of epidermis or mucosa only

A

Erosion

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23
Q

blood sequellae, pathology

A

Vascular lesions:

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24
Q

describes red blood cells that are outside the vessel walls & areas are nonblanchable (skin rash that does not fade when pressed with)

A

Petechiae or purpura or ecchymosis

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25
Q

dilated superficial dermal vessels

A

Telangiectasis

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26
Q

ringed, circular, or ovoid macules or patches

A

Annular “annulus lesion

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27
Q

signify it as slowly progressive or “creeping“.

A

Serpiginous lesions

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28
Q

evenly elevated rash or lesions

A

Flat-Topped lesions

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29
Q

Rounded lesion

A

Domed-shaped lesion

30
Q

horny with a finger-like shape.

A

Digitate lesion

31
Q

resembling the convolutions of the brain surface.

A

Cerebriform lesion

32
Q

is an overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues.

A

Proteus syndrome

33
Q

connected by a stalk. “Skin tags”

A

Pedunculated lesion

34
Q

attached by a broad base as opposed to a pedunculated lesion

A

Sessile lesion

35
Q

abnormal thickening of the palms and soles.

A

Punctate keratoderma

36
Q

curled or rounded edge

A

Rolled border lesion

37
Q

is a brown to black, hyperpigmentation of the skin, usually found in body folds in the neck, armpits, groin etc.

A

Acanthosis nigricans

38
Q

(bluish discoloration of the nailbeds) in cardiopulmonary insufficiency

A

Cyanosis

39
Q

Presence of jaundice or yellowish skin discoloration is indicative of ___ problem.

A

liver

40
Q

Pallor in arterial insufficiency or ___

A

anemia

41
Q

reddish or darkened rash indicative of lupus erythematosus

A

Rashes

42
Q

inflammation or allergic reactions

A

Erythema

43
Q

have very pale to white skin, hair and eyes. This is indicative of inability of the body to produce melanin.

A

Client with albinism

44
Q

A client with patches of white discoloration is observed in a client with ___, due to melanocyte destruction, leaving patches of skin.

A

vitiligo

45
Q

Rough, flaky, dry skin in ___.

A

hypothyroidism

46
Q

___ clients may reveal dry, itchy skin

A
47
Q

e
is a circulatory disorder that affects blood vessels away from the heart. If a person has a poor blood flow, he is at risk of developing ulcers and thinning of skin.

A

Peripheral vascular diseas

48
Q

Skin redness r/t ___ withdrawal

A

steroid

49
Q

Increased moisture or diaphoresis in fever or ___.

A

hyperthyroidism

50
Q

Decreased moisture in dehydration or ___

A

hypothyroidism

51
Q

Cold skin in shock or ___, or ___disease. Very warm skin in ___ state or ___

A

hypotension arterial

febrile hyperthyroidism

52
Q

___ refers to how easily the skin can be pinched.

A

Mobility

53
Q

___ refers to the skin elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its shape.

A

Turgor

54
Q

Decreased mobility is seen in ___.

A

edema

55
Q

___results from increased movement of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space.

A

Edema

56
Q

Decreased turgor in ___

A

dehydration

57
Q

Perform ___ test: Apply pressure in the edematous area for 5 sec, then release the pressure. Classify if unilateral or bilateral.

A

Grade pitting edema

58
Q

Dirty, broken, or jagged fingernails in poor hygiene or maybe related to ___.

A

patient occupation

59
Q

Healthy nails should generally be a ___color

A

pink

60
Q

___ are horizontal or transverse depressions in the nail (fingernails and toenails). This is a sign of malnourishment and chemotherapy.

A

Beau’s lines

61
Q

___ is when the nails thicken and curve around the fingertips. This can be the result of low oxygen in the blood and is associated with CVD.

A

Clubbing

62
Q

___ (spooning), fingernails have raised ridges, and scoop outward. Common in heart disease, iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, a liver disorder that causes too much iron to be absorbed from food.

A

Koilonychia

63
Q

___ (white spots). This is due to a minor trauma and is harmless in healthy individuals. It is also associated with nutritional deficiencies like infectious, metabolic, or systemic diseases and certain drugs.

A

Leukonychia

64
Q

When the nail plate separates from the nail bed, & causes a white discoloration. This can be due to infection, trauma, or products used on the nails.

A

Onycholysis

65
Q

___ are small depressions or little nail pits and is common in people who have psoriasis, a skin condition that causes the skin to be dry, red, and irritated.

A

Nail pitting

66
Q

the person’s nails appear white with a “ground glass” appearance without any lunula. It occurs in the setting of liver failure, cirrhosis, DM, CHF, hyperthyroidism, or malnutrition.

A

Terry’s nails,

67
Q

This is due to fungal infections associated with yellow spots, white patches, or at times nails even turn black.

A

Yellow nail syndrome.

68
Q

In brisk capillary refill, If the return of color takes longer than ___ that means that the person’s capillary refill and circulation are impaired.

A

2-3 sec

69
Q

Patchy grey hair in Vitamin ___ deficiency

A

D

70
Q

Scaliness in ___

A

dermatitis

71
Q

Fine vellus hair covers the entire body except for ___

A

soles, palms, lips and nipples.

72
Q

Normal male baldness is ___.

A

symmetrical

NCM132/RLE102 (9 decks)

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