Physical Examination - 1 Flashcards by Neal Aaron Ente

AVPU

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unconscious

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For unconscious patients, we use the ___ scale (which measures how well the nervous system is working).

Glasgow Coma

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For unconscious patients, we use the Glasgow Coma scale (which measures how well the nervous system is working).

Eye response
Verbal response
Motor response
Pupil response

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Note normal ‘plumb’ line

Through the LOBE OF THE EAR
Through the SHOULDER JOINT
Midway through the TRUNK
Through the greater TROCHANTER OF FEMUR
Slightly anterior to a midline through the KNEE
Slightly anterior to LATERAL MALLEOLUS (by the ankle)

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A flat distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide.

Maculae

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a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid

Papule

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a circumscribed, elevated, palpable lesion more than 1 cm in diameter.

Plaque / Patch

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a raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin at times an overt sign of allergy.

Wheal

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a sac that may be filled with air, fluid, or other material.

Cysts

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tender, red swollen bumps

Nodules

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abnormal mass of tissue that may be solid or fluid-filled.

Tumor (neoplasm)

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a small fluid-filled sac within the body

Vesicle

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large blister containing serous fluid.

Bulla

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papules with yellowish, liquid pus.

Pustule

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a thin piece of the outermost layer of skin resembling a fish scale.

Scale

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dried exudate (ie. blood, serum, pus) on the skin surface.

Crusts

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an increase in skin lines & increases from frequent rubbing

Lichenification

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mark remaining (as on the skin) after injured tissue has healed.

Scar

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is a loss of skin due to scratching or picking

Excoriation

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is a linear crack in the skin; often very painful

Fissure

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deep open wound with partial or complete loss of the dermis or submucosa

Ulceration

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superficial open wound with loss of epidermis or mucosa only

Erosion

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blood sequellae, pathology

Vascular lesions:

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describes red blood cells that are outside the vessel walls & areas are nonblanchable (skin rash that does not fade when pressed with)

Petechiae or purpura or ecchymosis

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dilated superficial dermal vessels

Telangiectasis

ringed, circular, or ovoid macules or patches

Annular “annulus lesion

signify it as slowly progressive or "creeping“.

Serpiginous lesions

evenly elevated rash or lesions

Flat-Topped lesions

Rounded lesion

Domed-shaped lesion

horny with a finger-like shape.

Digitate lesion

resembling the convolutions of the brain surface.

Cerebriform lesion

is an overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues.

Proteus syndrome

connected by a stalk. “Skin tags”

Pedunculated lesion

attached by a broad base as opposed to a pedunculated lesion

Sessile lesion

abnormal thickening of the palms and soles.

Punctate keratoderma

curled or rounded edge

Rolled border lesion

is a brown to black, hyperpigmentation of the skin, usually found in body folds in the neck, armpits, groin etc.

Acanthosis nigricans

(bluish discoloration of the nailbeds) in cardiopulmonary insufficiency

Cyanosis

Presence of jaundice or yellowish skin discoloration is indicative of ___ problem.

liver

Pallor in arterial insufficiency or ___

anemia

reddish or darkened rash indicative of lupus erythematosus

Rashes

inflammation or allergic reactions

Erythema

have very pale to white skin, hair and eyes. This is indicative of inability of the body to produce melanin.

Client with albinism

A client with patches of white discoloration is observed in a client with ___, due to melanocyte destruction, leaving patches of skin.

vitiligo

Rough, flaky, dry skin in ___.

hypothyroidism

___ clients may reveal dry, itchy skin

e is a circulatory disorder that affects blood vessels away from the heart. If a person has a poor blood flow, he is at risk of developing ulcers and thinning of skin.

Peripheral vascular diseas

Skin redness r/t ___ withdrawal

steroid

Increased moisture or diaphoresis in fever or ___.

hyperthyroidism

Decreased moisture in dehydration or ___

hypothyroidism

Cold skin in shock or ___, or ___disease. Very warm skin in ___ state or ___

hypotension arterial febrile hyperthyroidism

___ refers to how easily the skin can be pinched.

Mobility

___ refers to the skin elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its shape.

Turgor

Decreased mobility is seen in ___.

edema

___results from increased movement of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space.

Edema

Decreased turgor in ___

dehydration

Perform ___ test: Apply pressure in the edematous area for 5 sec, then release the pressure. Classify if unilateral or bilateral.

Grade pitting edema

Dirty, broken, or jagged fingernails in poor hygiene or maybe related to ___.

patient occupation

Healthy nails should generally be a ___color

pink

___ are horizontal or transverse depressions in the nail (fingernails and toenails). This is a sign of malnourishment and chemotherapy.

Beau’s lines

___ is when the nails thicken and curve around the fingertips. This can be the result of low oxygen in the blood and is associated with CVD.

Clubbing

___ (spooning), fingernails have raised ridges, and scoop outward. Common in heart disease, iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, a liver disorder that causes too much iron to be absorbed from food.

Koilonychia

___ (white spots). This is due to a minor trauma and is harmless in healthy individuals. It is also associated with nutritional deficiencies like infectious, metabolic, or systemic diseases and certain drugs.

Leukonychia

When the nail plate separates from the nail bed, & causes a white discoloration. This can be due to infection, trauma, or products used on the nails.

Onycholysis

___ are small depressions or little nail pits and is common in people who have psoriasis, a skin condition that causes the skin to be dry, red, and irritated.

Nail pitting

the person's nails appear white with a "ground glass" appearance without any lunula. It occurs in the setting of liver failure, cirrhosis, DM, CHF, hyperthyroidism, or malnutrition.

Terry's nails,

This is due to fungal infections associated with yellow spots, white patches, or at times nails even turn black.

Yellow nail syndrome.

In brisk capillary refill, If the return of color takes longer than ___ that means that the person’s capillary refill and circulation are impaired.

2-3 sec

Patchy grey hair in Vitamin ___ deficiency

Scaliness in ___

dermatitis

Fine vellus hair covers the entire body except for ___

soles, palms, lips and nipples.

Normal male baldness is ___.

symmetrical