Physical Examination - 1 Flashcards
AVPU
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unconscious
For unconscious patients, we use the ___ scale (which measures how well the nervous system is working).
Glasgow Coma
For unconscious patients, we use the Glasgow Coma scale (which measures how well the nervous system is working).
Eye response
Verbal response
Motor response
Pupil response
Note normal ‘plumb’ line
Through the LOBE OF THE EAR
Through the SHOULDER JOINT
Midway through the TRUNK
Through the greater TROCHANTER OF FEMUR
Slightly anterior to a midline through the KNEE
Slightly anterior to LATERAL MALLEOLUS (by the ankle)
A flat distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide.
Maculae
a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid
Papule
a circumscribed, elevated, palpable lesion more than 1 cm in diameter.
Plaque / Patch
a raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin at times an overt sign of allergy.
Wheal
a sac that may be filled with air, fluid, or other material.
Cysts
tender, red swollen bumps
Nodules
abnormal mass of tissue that may be solid or fluid-filled.
Tumor (neoplasm)
a small fluid-filled sac within the body
Vesicle
large blister containing serous fluid.
Bulla
papules with yellowish, liquid pus.
Pustule
a thin piece of the outermost layer of skin resembling a fish scale.
Scale
dried exudate (ie. blood, serum, pus) on the skin surface.
Crusts
an increase in skin lines & increases from frequent rubbing
Lichenification
mark remaining (as on the skin) after injured tissue has healed.
Scar
is a loss of skin due to scratching or picking
Excoriation
is a linear crack in the skin; often very painful
Fissure
deep open wound with partial or complete loss of the dermis or submucosa
Ulceration
superficial open wound with loss of epidermis or mucosa only
Erosion
blood sequellae, pathology
Vascular lesions:
describes red blood cells that are outside the vessel walls & areas are nonblanchable (skin rash that does not fade when pressed with)
Petechiae or purpura or ecchymosis
dilated superficial dermal vessels
Telangiectasis
ringed, circular, or ovoid macules or patches
Annular “annulus lesion
signify it as slowly progressive or “creeping“.
Serpiginous lesions
evenly elevated rash or lesions
Flat-Topped lesions
Rounded lesion
Domed-shaped lesion
horny with a finger-like shape.
Digitate lesion
resembling the convolutions of the brain surface.
Cerebriform lesion
is an overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues.
Proteus syndrome
connected by a stalk. “Skin tags”
Pedunculated lesion
attached by a broad base as opposed to a pedunculated lesion
Sessile lesion
abnormal thickening of the palms and soles.
Punctate keratoderma
curled or rounded edge
Rolled border lesion
is a brown to black, hyperpigmentation of the skin, usually found in body folds in the neck, armpits, groin etc.
Acanthosis nigricans
(bluish discoloration of the nailbeds) in cardiopulmonary insufficiency
Cyanosis
Presence of jaundice or yellowish skin discoloration is indicative of ___ problem.
liver
Pallor in arterial insufficiency or ___
anemia
reddish or darkened rash indicative of lupus erythematosus
Rashes
inflammation or allergic reactions
Erythema
have very pale to white skin, hair and eyes. This is indicative of inability of the body to produce melanin.
Client with albinism
A client with patches of white discoloration is observed in a client with ___, due to melanocyte destruction, leaving patches of skin.
vitiligo
Rough, flaky, dry skin in ___.
hypothyroidism
___ clients may reveal dry, itchy skin
e
is a circulatory disorder that affects blood vessels away from the heart. If a person has a poor blood flow, he is at risk of developing ulcers and thinning of skin.
Peripheral vascular diseas
Skin redness r/t ___ withdrawal
steroid
Increased moisture or diaphoresis in fever or ___.
hyperthyroidism
Decreased moisture in dehydration or ___
hypothyroidism
Cold skin in shock or ___, or ___disease. Very warm skin in ___ state or ___
hypotension arterial
febrile hyperthyroidism
___ refers to how easily the skin can be pinched.
Mobility
___ refers to the skin elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its shape.
Turgor
Decreased mobility is seen in ___.
edema
___results from increased movement of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space.
Edema
Decreased turgor in ___
dehydration
Perform ___ test: Apply pressure in the edematous area for 5 sec, then release the pressure. Classify if unilateral or bilateral.
Grade pitting edema
Dirty, broken, or jagged fingernails in poor hygiene or maybe related to ___.
patient occupation
Healthy nails should generally be a ___color
pink
___ are horizontal or transverse depressions in the nail (fingernails and toenails). This is a sign of malnourishment and chemotherapy.
Beau’s lines
___ is when the nails thicken and curve around the fingertips. This can be the result of low oxygen in the blood and is associated with CVD.
Clubbing
___ (spooning), fingernails have raised ridges, and scoop outward. Common in heart disease, iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, a liver disorder that causes too much iron to be absorbed from food.
Koilonychia
___ (white spots). This is due to a minor trauma and is harmless in healthy individuals. It is also associated with nutritional deficiencies like infectious, metabolic, or systemic diseases and certain drugs.
Leukonychia
When the nail plate separates from the nail bed, & causes a white discoloration. This can be due to infection, trauma, or products used on the nails.
Onycholysis
___ are small depressions or little nail pits and is common in people who have psoriasis, a skin condition that causes the skin to be dry, red, and irritated.
Nail pitting
the person’s nails appear white with a “ground glass” appearance without any lunula. It occurs in the setting of liver failure, cirrhosis, DM, CHF, hyperthyroidism, or malnutrition.
Terry’s nails,
This is due to fungal infections associated with yellow spots, white patches, or at times nails even turn black.
Yellow nail syndrome.
In brisk capillary refill, If the return of color takes longer than ___ that means that the person’s capillary refill and circulation are impaired.
2-3 sec
Patchy grey hair in Vitamin ___ deficiency
D
Scaliness in ___
dermatitis
Fine vellus hair covers the entire body except for ___
soles, palms, lips and nipples.
Normal male baldness is ___.
symmetrical
