Midterm Pointers Flashcards
Term for “right eye.”
OD = “oculus dexter” which is Latin for “right eye.”
Term for “left eye.”
OS = “oculus sinister” which is Latin for “left eye.”
is a rare condition classically presenting with partial ptosis (drooping or falling of upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and facial anhidrosis (loss of sweating) due to a disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply.
Horner syndrome
Horner Syndrome is caused by damage to the ___
sympathetic nervous system
___ also called tonic pupil, is mainly seen in young women. Most patients have unilateral eye involvement. The pupil of the affected side is significantly larger than that on the healthy side. The direct and indirect light reflection from the pupil on the affected side disappears.
Adie’s pupil,
___ describe the physical exam finding of small bilateral pupils that do not constrict when exposed to bright light but do constrict when focused on a nearby object.
Argyll Robertson pupils
is when your eye’s pupils are not the same size.
Anisocoria
___ as it is medically termed, is a vision condition in which people can see close objects clearly but objects farther away appear blurred.
Nearsightedness, or myopia,
Myopia occurs if the eyeball is ___ or ___.
too long
the cornea is too curved
Night blindness is generally a symptom of an underlying ocular condition that involves the health of the retina, though it can also result from severe or worsening myopia or a vitamin ___ deficiency.
A
___ refers to the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve with the resulting picture of a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy. It is an end-stage that arises from myriad causes of optic nerve damage anywhere along the path from the retina to the lateral geniculate.
Optic atrophy
Optic atrophy can occur due to:
damage within the eye (glaucoma, optic neuritis, papilledema, etc.)
damage along the path of the optic nerve to the brain (tumor, neurodegenerative disorder, trauma, etc.)
congenital damage (Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy, autosomal dominant optic atrophy).
___ is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma develops when the ___ becomes damaged.
optic nerve
is a simple medical test used to assess peripheral perfusion, particularly in the extremities (such as fingers and toes). It is commonly used in emergency medicine, pediatrics, and critical care settings to evaluate circulation and tissue perfusion.
Capillary refill
refers to swelling or inflammation that can occur in the gums as a result of teething, which is the process of an infant’s primary teeth erupting through the gums. This swelling is a normal part of the teething process and is typically mild to moderate in severity.
Teething edema
is the gradual age-related hearing loss that occurs over time. It typically affects the ability to hear high-frequency sounds first and may progress to lower frequencies as well. This can result in difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments.
Presbycusis:
With age, there is often a decline in the ability to perceive high-frequency sounds, such as consonants like “s,” “f,” and “th.” This can impact speech clarity and make it harder to distinguish words, particularly in conversations with background noise.
Reduced Sensitivity to High-Frequency Sounds:
Elderly individuals may have difficulty discriminating between similar sounds, which can affect their ability to understand speech and detect subtle nuances in sound.
Decreased Auditory Discrimination:
Aging can lead to a decreased ability to localize the source of a sound accurately. This can affect spatial awareness and make it challenging to identify where sounds are coming from.
Impaired Localization of Sound:
or ringing in the ears, becomes more common with age. It can present as a continuous or intermittent noise and may contribute to difficulty hearing or concentrating on external sounds.
Tinnitus:
