Prefinal - Unit C 1

Question 1

is an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men. An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone causes it

Answer 1

Gynecomastia

Question 2

Gynecomastia Grading: Small enlargement without skin excess.

Answer 2

Grade I

Question 3

Gynecomastia Grading: Moderate enlargement without skin excess.

Answer 3

Grade II

Question 4

Gynecomastia Grading: Moderate enlargement with minor skin excess.

Answer 4

Grade III

Question 5

Gynecomastia Grading: Marked enlargement with excess skin, mimicking female breast ptosis

Answer 5

Grade IV

Question 6

Abdominal contour:

Answer 6

Flat
Scaphoid
Rounded
Protuberant

Question 7

occurs when part of your insides bulges through an opening or weakness in the muscle or tissue that contains it. They mostly involve one of your abdominal organs pushing through one of the walls of your abdominal cavity

Answer 7

Hernia

Question 8

Observe both sides for symmetry.

Question 9

The abdomen does not bulge when the client raises their head.

Question 10

This umbilicus lies at a vertical level corresponding to the junction between the L3 and L4 vertebrae, with a normal variation among people between the L3 and L5 vertebrae.

Question 11

Abdominal pulsations can be seen if the client lies in dorsal recumbent, this is related to blood flowing through the abdominal aorta.

Question 12

are swollen, twisted veins that lie just under the skin. They usually occur in the legs.

Answer 12

Varicose veins, or varicosities

Question 13

Bowel sounds (borborygmi) are caused by peristaltic movements

Question 14

Normal/Active bowel sounds are high-pitched gurgling noises. Approx 5-35 Sounds per minute, or at least 1 every 5-15 seconds.

Question 15

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds - Often soft and widespread. Less than 5 BS per minute.

Question 16

Absent No bowel sounds were heard. Must listen for 5 minutes before concluding that bowel sounds are absent

Question 17

Causes of hypoactive abdominal sounds or the absence of bowel sounds are perforated ulcer, certain medications (such as codeine), damage of intestines, general anesthesia, abdominal surgery, infection of the abdominal cavity, or peritonitis.

Question 18

Hyperactive Bowel Sounds - Loud, gurgling, frequent sounds. Greater than 35 BS a minute.

Question 19

Inflammation of the bowel can be due to:

Answer 19

anxiety
diarrhea
bleeding
excessive ingestion of laxatives
rxn of intestines to certain foods

Question 20

Loud stomach growling, rumbling sound produced by the movement of gas in the stomach and intestines. Heard with or without a stethoscope

Answer 20

Borborygmi

Question 21

This supplies oxygenated blood to the abdominal, pelvic organs, and legs.

Answer 21

Abdominal aorta

Question 22

This is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

Answer 22

Renal artery

Question 23

This supplies blood to the pelvic region, hips, thighs & reproductive organs.

Answer 23

Iliac artery

Question 24

This supplies the thigh and the main arterial supply to the thigh and leg.



Answer 24

Femoral artery

Question 25

is a low-pitched, vascular sound, resembling murmur. It is caused by partially obstructed artery - turbulence.

Answer 25

Bruits

Question 26

A venous continuous, hum (soft, and low-pitched) in the abdomen usually indicates ___. 

Answer 26

increased portal tension

Question 27

are caused by two organs rubbing together or by an organ rubbing against the peritoneum.

Answer 27

Friction rubs

Question 28

A friction rub in the abdomen usually indicates a tumor, infection, infarct, or peritonitis and requires further medical evaluation.

Question 29

Friction rubs are not normally heard.

Question 30

Tympany is the normal sound heard over the abdomen.

Question 31

An enlarged area of dullness is heard over an ___

Answer 31

enlarged liver.

Question 32

A liver in a lower position than normal is significant in ___. A liver in a higher position is significant in the ___

Answer 32

emphysema presence of mass, ascites, or paralyzed diaphragm.

Question 33

If the nurse suspects ascites, perform the ___

Answer 33

shifting dullness or fluid wave tests.

Question 34

The patient then is rolled on his/her side away from the examiner, and percussion from the umbilicus to the flank area is repeated. Positive test: When ascites is present, the area of dullness will shift to the dependent site. The area of the tympany will shift toward the top.

Answer 34

Shifting Dullness Test

Question 35

Dullness that is not present during expiration but is present during inspiration should suggest the presence of an enlarged spleen that has descended with inspiration. In this case, palpation should be repeated to try to confirm this impression.

Answer 35

Splenic Dullness

Question 36

used to detect spleen enlargement, is at the precordial area on the anterior wall of the chest. In this respect, correct assessment of this area during physical examination is very important. From the 6th rib downward.

Answer 36

Traube's space

Question 37

Dullness anterior of the midaxillary line indicates ___. Caused by infections, cirrhosis, and other liver diseases, blood diseases characterized by abnormal blood cells, and lymph system problems.

Answer 37

Splenomegaly

Question 38

In light palpation: Involuntary reflex guarding is significant and reflects peritoneal irritation. Right-sided guarding is indicative of cholecystitis, and inflammation of the gallbladder.

Question 39

In deep palpation: Severe tenderness or pain may be related to trauma, peritonitis, infection, tumors, or enlarged or diseased organs.

Question 40

The soft center of the umbilicus can be potential for herniation. Hard nodules in and around the umbilicus are significant in spreading nodes.

Question 41

The normal aorta is 2.5 to 3.0 cm wide with strong and regular pulsation.

Question 42

Methods of Liver Palpation:

Answer 42

Standard method Hooking Technique Dipping Method

Question 43

___ method * Patient must be supine with knees flexed. * Ask the client to take a deep breath * The nurse moves his hand from the right in the iliac fossa gradually upwards until you feel the edge of the liver 

Answer 43

Standard

Question 44

___ technique - Stand at the patient's shoulder and face the patient's feet - Hook fingers over the costal margins from above - Patient to take a deep breath - Feel for the liver edge to bump your fingertips during inhalation

Answer 44

Hooking

Question 45

___ method This method of palpation is Helpful in palpation of viscera in cases of massive ascites.: - Placing the hand over the abdomen and making quick and gentle dipping movements (also known as one-hand ballottement) - Also with bimanual ballottement

Answer 45

Dipping

Question 46

swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine

Answer 46

Hydronephrosis

Question 47

___ Test - Ask the patient or assistant to press the edges of both hands firmly down on the midline of the abdomen. - While you tap one flank sharply with your fingertips feel for a fluid pulse on the opposite flank with the other hand - Movement of a fluid wave against the resting hand suggests large amounts of fluid are present (ascites).

Answer 47

Fluid Wave

Question 48

is a test for ascites. It is performed by having the patient push their hands down on the midline of the abdomen. The examiner then taps one flank, while feeling the other flank for the tap

Answer 48

Fluid Wave Test

Question 49

For identifying an organ or a mass in an ascitic abdomen. - Straighten and stiffen the fingers of one hand together, place them on the abdominal surface, and make a brief jabbing movement directly toward the anticipated structure. - This quick movement often displaces the fluid so that your fingertips can briefly touch the surface of the structure through the abdominal wall.

Answer 49

Ballotement

Question 50

is the finding of right lower quadrant pain during palpation of the left side of the abdomen or when left-sided rebound tenderness is elicited.

Answer 50

Rovsing's sign

Question 51

means that there is more pain when pressure on the tender area is released. It occurs when the tissue that lines the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) is irritated, inflamed, or infected

Answer 51

Rebound tenderness

Question 52

Pain on passive internal rotation of the hip when the right knee is flexed. It is present when the inflamed appendix is in contact with the obturator internus muscle.

Answer 52

Obturator sign