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NCM132/RLE102 > Prefinal - Unit C 1 > Flashcards

Prefinal - Unit C 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men. An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone causes it

A

Gynecomastia

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2
Q

Gynecomastia Grading: Small enlargement without skin excess.

A

Grade I

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3
Q

Gynecomastia Grading: Moderate enlargement without skin excess.

A

Grade II

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4
Q

Gynecomastia Grading: Moderate enlargement with minor skin excess.

A

Grade III

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5
Q

Gynecomastia Grading: Marked enlargement with excess skin, mimicking female breast ptosis

A

Grade IV

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6
Q

Abdominal contour:

A

Flat
Scaphoid
Rounded
Protuberant

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7
Q

occurs when part of your insides bulges through an opening or weakness in the muscle or tissue that contains it. They mostly involve one of your abdominal organs pushing through one of the walls of your abdominal cavity

A

Hernia

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8
Q

Observe both sides for symmetry.

A
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9
Q

The abdomen does not bulge when the client raises their head.

A
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10
Q

This umbilicus lies at a vertical level corresponding to the junction between the L3 and L4 vertebrae, with a normal variation among people between the L3 and L5 vertebrae.

A
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11
Q

Abdominal pulsations can be seen if the client lies in dorsal recumbent, this is related to blood flowing through the abdominal aorta.

A
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12
Q

are swollen, twisted veins that lie just under the skin. They usually occur in the legs.

A

Varicose veins, or varicosities

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13
Q

Bowel sounds (borborygmi) are caused by peristaltic movements

A
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14
Q

Normal/Active bowel sounds are high-pitched gurgling noises. Approx 5-35 Sounds per minute, or at least 1 every 5-15 seconds.

A
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15
Q

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds - Often soft and widespread. Less than 5 BS per minute.

A
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16
Q

Absent No bowel sounds were heard. Must listen for 5 minutes before concluding that bowel sounds are absent

A
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17
Q

Causes of hypoactive abdominal sounds or the absence of bowel sounds are perforated ulcer, certain medications (such as codeine), damage of intestines, general anesthesia, abdominal surgery, infection of the abdominal cavity, or peritonitis.

A
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18
Q

Hyperactive Bowel Sounds - Loud, gurgling, frequent sounds. Greater than 35 BS a minute.

A
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19
Q

Inflammation of the bowel can be due to:

A

anxiety
diarrhea
bleeding
excessive ingestion of laxatives
rxn of intestines to certain foods

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20
Q

Loud stomach growling, rumbling sound produced by the movement of gas in the stomach and intestines. Heard with or without a stethoscope

A

Borborygmi

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21
Q

This supplies oxygenated blood to the abdominal, pelvic organs, and legs.

A

Abdominal aorta

22
Q

This is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

A

Renal artery

23
Q

This supplies blood to the pelvic region, hips, thighs & reproductive organs.

A

Iliac artery

24
Q

This supplies the thigh and the main arterial supply to the thigh and leg.



A

Femoral artery

25
Q

is a low-pitched, vascular sound, resembling murmur. It is caused by partially obstructed artery - turbulence.

A

Bruits

26
Q

A venous continuous, hum (soft, and low-pitched) in the abdomen usually indicates ___.



A

increased portal tension

27
Q

are caused by two organs rubbing together or by an organ rubbing against the peritoneum.

A

Friction rubs

28
Q

A friction rub in the abdomen usually indicates a tumor, infection, infarct, or peritonitis and requires further medical evaluation.

A
29
Q

Friction rubs are not normally heard.

A
30
Q

Tympany is the normal sound heard over the abdomen.

A
31
Q

An enlarged area of dullness is heard over an ___

A

enlarged liver.

32
Q

A liver in a lower position than normal is significant in ___. A liver in a higher position is significant in the ___

A

emphysema

presence of mass, ascites, or paralyzed diaphragm.

33
Q

If the nurse suspects ascites, perform the ___

A

shifting dullness or fluid wave tests.

34
Q

The patient then is rolled on his/her side away from the examiner, and percussion from the umbilicus to the flank area is repeated. Positive test: When ascites is present, the area of dullness will shift to the dependent site. The area of the tympany will shift toward the top.

A

Shifting Dullness Test

35
Q

Dullness that is not present during expiration but is present during inspiration should suggest the presence of an enlarged spleen that has descended with inspiration. In this case, palpation should be repeated to try to confirm this impression.

A

Splenic Dullness

36
Q

used to detect spleen enlargement, is at the precordial area on the anterior wall of the chest. In this respect, correct assessment of this area during physical examination is very important. From the 6th rib downward.

A

Traube’s space

37
Q

Dullness anterior of the midaxillary line indicates ___.

Caused by infections, cirrhosis, and other liver diseases, blood diseases characterized by abnormal blood cells, and lymph system problems.

A

Splenomegaly

38
Q

In light palpation: Involuntary reflex guarding is significant and reflects peritoneal irritation. Right-sided guarding is indicative of cholecystitis, and inflammation of the gallbladder.

A
39
Q

In deep palpation: Severe tenderness or pain may be related to trauma, peritonitis, infection, tumors, or enlarged or diseased organs.

A
40
Q

The soft center of the umbilicus can be potential for herniation. Hard nodules in and around the umbilicus are significant in spreading nodes.

A
41
Q

The normal aorta is 2.5 to 3.0 cm wide with strong and regular pulsation.

A
42
Q

Methods of Liver Palpation:

A

Standard method
Hooking Technique
Dipping Method

43
Q

___ method
* Patient must be supine with knees flexed.
* Ask the client to take a deep breath
* The nurse moves his hand from the right in the iliac fossa gradually upwards until you feel the edge of the liver



A

Standard

44
Q

___ technique
- Stand at the patient’s shoulder and face the patient’s feet
- Hook fingers over the costal margins from above
- Patient to take a deep breath
- Feel for the liver edge to bump your fingertips during inhalation

A

Hooking

45
Q

___ method
This method of palpation is Helpful in palpation of viscera in cases of massive ascites.:
- Placing the hand over the abdomen and making quick and gentle dipping movements (also known as one-hand ballottement)
- Also with bimanual ballottement

A

Dipping

46
Q

swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine

A

Hydronephrosis

47
Q

___ Test
- Ask the patient or assistant to press the edges of both hands firmly down on the midline of the abdomen.
- While you tap one flank sharply with your fingertips feel for a fluid pulse on the opposite flank with the other hand
- Movement of a fluid wave against the resting hand suggests large amounts of fluid are present (ascites).

A

Fluid Wave

48
Q

is a test for ascites. It is performed by having the patient push their hands down on the midline of the abdomen. The examiner then taps one flank, while feeling the other flank for the tap

A

Fluid Wave Test

49
Q

For identifying an organ or a mass in an ascitic abdomen.
- Straighten and stiffen the fingers of one hand together, place them on the abdominal surface, and make a brief jabbing movement directly toward the anticipated structure.
- This quick movement often displaces the fluid so that your fingertips can briefly touch the surface of the structure through the abdominal wall.

A

Ballotement

50
Q

is the finding of right lower quadrant pain during palpation of the left side of the abdomen or when left-sided rebound tenderness is elicited.

A

Rovsing’s sign

51
Q

means that there is more pain when pressure on the tender area is released. It occurs when the tissue that lines the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) is irritated, inflamed, or infected

A

Rebound tenderness

52
Q

Pain on passive internal rotation of the hip when the right knee is flexed. It is present when the inflamed appendix is in contact with the obturator internus muscle.

A

Obturator sign

NCM132/RLE102 (9 decks)

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