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Y4 - Finals Edition > Pre-placement > Flashcards

Pre-placement Flashcards

1
Q

Image of seeing one self in an external space is known as

A

Autoscopic hallucination

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2
Q

This is where patient experiences complex visual hallucinations associated with no other psychiatric symptoms and no impairment of consciousness. Associated with loss of vision

A

CHARLES BONNET SYNDROME

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3
Q

Liliputian hallucination

A

miniature people or animals.

associated with acute alcohol withdrawal.

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4
Q

Explain differences between simple and complex hallucinations

A

Simple = unstructured sounds (buzzing, whirring, whistling)

Complex = occurs as spoken phrases

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5
Q

Somatic hallucinations: Superficial

A

1. tactile
–> being toughed or pricked
–> formication (sensation of insects crawling on or below skin associated w/ cocaine use)

2. thermal
–> false perception of heat or cold

3. hygric
–> false perception of fluid

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6
Q

Somatic hallucinations: Visceral

A

False perceptions of the internal organs (throbbing, stretching)

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7
Q

Somatic hallucinations: Kinaesthetic hallucinations

A

false perceptions of joint or muscle

Limbs vibtrating

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8
Q

What condition is important to rule out in the onset of olfactory and gustatory hallucinations :

A

temporal lobe epilepsy

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9
Q

Hypnagogic hallucinations

A

brief hallucinations that take place as you’re falling asleep

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10
Q

Hypnopomic halluncations

A

false perceptions that occur as a person awakens

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11
Q

Extracampine hallucinations

A

e.g. seeing somebody standing behind you

occurs outside the limits of a person’s normal sensory field

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12
Q

Functional hallucinations

A

normal sensory stimulus required to precipitate hallucination in the same sensory modality

  • voices heard when doorbell rings
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13
Q

Reflex hallucinations

A

normal sensory stimulus in one modality which stimulates a hallucination in another

–> voices heard when a light is switched on

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14
Q

Pseudohallucinations

A

patients may have insight to what they are hallucinating

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15
Q

Primary (autochthonous) delusion

A

don’t occur in response to any previous psychopathological state

may be preceded by delusional atmosphere

example
–> suddenly without apparent cause having the delusional that you are an alien

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16
Q

Secondary delusion

A
  • secondary to morbid event

-

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17
Q

these delusions match the patients mood, they are commonly seen in mania with psychotic features and in psychotic depression

A

mood congruent delusions

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18
Q

these delusions are extremely implausible content, and are characteristic of schizophrenia

A

bizarre delusions

e.g. belief that aliens have planted radioactive detonators in the patients brain

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19
Q

partial delusion

A

belief that was previously held with delusional intensity, but then becomes held with less conviction

occurs when a patient is recovering

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20
Q

paranoid delusions

A

umbrella term that includes grandiose, persecutory

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21
Q

erotomanic

A

delusion of love

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22
Q

othello syndrome

A

delusion of jealousy

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23
Q

Capragas syndrome, Fregoli syndrome

A

delusion of misidentification

Capragas syndrome
–> characterised by false belief that someone important to them has been replaced by a clone

Fregoli syndrome
–> different people who are in fact a single person who changes appearance

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24
Q

delusion of infestation

A

Ekbom syndrome
–> delusion that you are infested with parasites

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25
Cotard syndrome
nihilistic delusion --> patient believes they are dead, do not exist
26
delusion of control
false belief that external forces such as machines or other people are controlling ones thoughts
27
overinclusion of details and unnecessary asides and diversions
circumstantial thinking
28
diverting from initial train of thought and never returning to original point
tangential thinking
29
markedly accelerated thinking, resulting in stream of connected concepts
flight of ideas
30
loosening of associations
train of thought shifts suddenly from one very loosely related idea to the next. worst form --> word salad AKA --> KNIGHTS MOVE THINKING
31
new words created by the patient, often combining syllables if other known words
neologisms
32
echolalia
patients seamlessly repeats words or phrases spoken around others
33
Motor symptoms: catatonic rigidity
maintaining fixed position and rigidly resisting all attempts to be moved
34
Motor symptoms: catatonic posturing
adopting unusual or bizarre position that is then maintained for some time
35
Motor symptoms: catatonic negativism
seemingly motiveless resistance to all instructions or attempts to be moved. Patient may do opposite of what is asked
36
Catatonic waxy flexbility
patient can be moulded like wax into a position that is then maintained
37
catatonic excitement
agitated, excited and seemingly purposeless motor activity
38
catatonic stupor
- lack of voluntary movement - extreme unresponsiveness
39
Echopraxia
patient senselessly repeats or imitated the actions of those around them
40
Mannerisms
goal orientated movements performed repeatedly or at socially inappropriate times
41
Stereotypes
complex, identically repeated movements
42
Tics
sudden, involuntary rapid recurrent, non-rhythmic motor movements or vocalisations
43
Performance status score for cancer
ECOG performance status 0 --> fully active, able to carry out pre-disease tasks 1 --> restricted in physically strenuous activity 2 --> ambulatory and capable of self care but unable to carry out any work activities 3 --> capable of limited self care, confined to bed or chair more than 50% of waking hours 4--> completely disabled, cannot carry on self care
44
Myelodysplastic syndromes are characterised by
--> pre-leukaemia --> pancytopenia --> dysplastic morphology
45
What drug might be given for high risk myelodysplastic syndromes?
AZACITIDINE - restores expression of silenced tumour suppressor genes
46
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treatments
1. Chemotherapy 2. CD20 antibody --> **rituximab** 3. B-cell receptor signalling inhibitors --> **ibrutinib or acalbrutinib** 4. Bcl-2 inhibitor - **venetoclax**
47
Lymphoma imaging done with that imaging modality
FDG PET --> detect metabolically active malignancy lesions
48
Lymphoma treatment
1. chemotherapy 2. CD2- antibodies 3. radiotherapy 4. stem cell transplant 5. antibody drug conjugate 6. immune checkpoint inhibitors 7. chimeric antigen receptor T cells
49
Examples of chemotherapy which may be used in treatment of myeloma
- cyclophoshamide melphalan
50
Treatment of myeloma
- chemotherapy - steroids - lenalidomide - proteasome inhibitor - bisphosphonate - anti-cd38 monoclonal antibody (daratumumab) - autologus stem cell transplant
51
Hyperkalaemia > 5.5
repolarisation abnormalities --> peaked T waves
52
Hyperkalaemia > 6.5
progressive paralysis of the atria --> P wave flattening --> PR prolongation
53
Hyperkalaemia > 7
conduction abnormalities / cardiac arrest --> wide QRS --> AV conduction blocks --> sine wave --> asystole, VF, PEA
54
Indications for dialysis
Very serious CAN'T WAIT --> refractory hyperkalaemia --> refractory pulmonary oedema Others --> severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.2) - Symptomatic uraemia (e.g. pericarditis, encephalopathy)
55
Haemodialysis
Diffusion of uraemic solutes across a semi permeable membrane
56
Haemofiltration
Convection of water with soluble drag across memrbane and replacement with fluid balanced solution
57
Peritoneal dialysis
fluid exchange between peritoneal capillary blood and dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity
58
What features may be seen in a thyroid exam?
Legs - pre-tibial myxedema (non pitting oedema) - ankle reflexes; brisk in hyperthyroidism
59
What is Pemberton's test?
- raising both arms produces facial congestion and cyanosis - due to mass in superior mediastinum - produces obstruction of superior vena cava
60
In a split thickness skin graft, how long does it take donor site to heal?
will heal within 7-14 days
61
Examples of a regional flap
Gastroscnemius flap Regional / pedicled flap --> used when there is insufficient volume of adjacent tissue to close wound
62
What is a DIEP flap?
performed by taking lower abdominal tissue on its blood supply, plumbing it into the internal mammary vein will require later nipple reconstruction
63

Y4 - Finals Edition (40 decks)

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