Pre-mat carbs

Question 1

carbohydrates (general)

Answer 1

comprised of linear chains of three or more carbons, one forming a carbonyl with oxygen and the remainder containing hydroxyl group and have the general formula CnH2nOn

mono
dis
oligo
poly-saccharide

Question 2

monosaccarides

Answer 2

formula: (CH2O)n, n 3,4,5,6 have 2+ hydroxyl groups, contain aldehyde or ketone group

Question 3

common sugar isomers

Answer 3

same formula but different spatial arrangement: glucose, galactose, mannose

Question 4

alpha vs beta anomeric carbon structure

Answer 4

betas: OH upwards, alphas: OH downwards
anomeric: carbon derived from the carbonyl carbon (the ketone or aldehyde functional group) of the open-chain form of the carbohydrate molecule, carbon next to the new ether linkage

Question 5

glycosidic bond

Answer 5

water removed, ether linkage formed between the sugarOH - HOsugar

base-sugar linkage: N-glycosidic bond, formed to same carbon used in sugar-sugar bond

link to proteins as well: proteoglycan (cell surface markers eg blood types)